Question

M 12:

Why can we not use visible light (and optical microscopy) to study nanoscale materials? What instruments are better suited and why? Explain your answer.

Answer 1

here,

nanotechnology refers to a fascinating new branch of technology in which people try to reduce size of machines to very small scales. It does not necessarily mean making machines the size of a nanometer, infact it can be like searching new technology for data storage which will reduce the size of your CPU.

As the name indicates nano means 10 to the power -9 . Study of components to such a small size is called nano technology. For eg the copper coils inside ordinary wires used for domestic purpose is 1-2mm thickness, but imagine a wire of thichness approx equals to 10 power -9 metres thickness. The technology used by the help of such a small size wire is called nano technology

it will have significant impact on almost all industries and all areas of society. It will offer better built, longer lasting, cleaner, safer, and smarter products for the home, for communications, for medicine, for transportation, for agriculture, and for industry in general.

In 1999, the ultimate CMOS transistor developed at the Laboratory for Economics and Information Technology in Grenoble, France, tested the limits of the principles of the MOSFET transistor with a diameter of 18 nm (approximately 70 atoms placed side by side). This was almost 10 times smaller than the smallest industrial transistor in 2003 (130 nm in 2003, 90 nm in 2004 and 65 nm in 2005). It enabled the theoretical integration of seven billion junctions on a €1 coin. However, the CMOS transistor, which was created in 1999, was not a simple research experiment to study how CMOS technology functions, but rather a demonstration of how this technology functions now that we ourselves are getting ever closer to working on a molecular scale. Today it would be impossible to master the coordinated assembly of a large number of these transistors on a circuit and it would also be impossible to create this on an industrial level

Another large and beneficial outcome of nanotechnology is the production of potable water through the means of nanofiltration. Where much of the developing world lacks access to reliable water sources, nanotechnology may alleviate these issues upon further testing as have been performed in countries, such as South Africa. It is important that solute levels in water sources are maintained and reached to provide necessary nutrients to people. And in turn, further testing would be pertinent so as to measure for any signs of nanotoxicology and any negative affects to any and all biological creature