Question

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) analyse this as an illness that contributes to the antibiotic resistance as the hidden epidemic and the acctuality of this issue in healthcare. State the reasons that you feel the data you selected provide robust support for your perspective regarding this health problem. Discuss key concepts related to morbidity/mortality, quality of care, and cost-effectiveness as they apply to MRSA related to antibiotic resistance.

Answer 1

MRSA is one of the SUPER BUG .

Resistant bacteria are emerging worldwide. MRSA is the most important cause of nosocomial infections. The crisis of antibiotic resistance is increasing is because of overuse and misuse of antibiotic medications as well as lack of new drug development.

Antibiotics were first prescribed to treat serious infections in early 1930's . Penicillin was successful then penicillin resistance bacteria started emerging. *In many countries , antibiotics are unregulated and available without prescription.

*Incorrect prescription also contribute to misuse .

Antibiotics are widely used in cattles and livestock.When that meat n products are consumed that medications are absorbed in gut of human. Some strains of bacteria are now capable of causing persistent infections in hospitalized patients and also healthy individuals in community.

Several bacteria acquired resistance towards available antibiotics.

Staphylococcus aureus is prominent health care related pathogen. Penicillin is the first drug which showed high effectiveness against staphylococcus infections . It developed resistance in few months.

Methicillin a semisynthetic derivative of penicillin was found and within 2 years staphylococcus aureus became resistant to methicillin.

According to Centers for disease control and prevention, Staphylococcus aureus became not only resistant to methicillin but also other antibiotics such as oxacillin and amoxicillin.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can cause numerous health issues, including skin infections, sepsis, pneumonia and bloodstream infections.MRSA skin and soft tissue infections can be contagious or spread from person to person by contact with the skin, pus, or infected body fluids of a person who has MRSA. Some people may be "carriers" of MRSA. The bacteria lives on skin or nostrils. It may cause no problems, or it may cause infections on that person's body or be transmitted to other people. MRSA is very common in the community, especially in children and even pet animals.

When a patient is hospitalized for 48 hours they have possibility of MRSA infection from hospital equipments , health care workers.

MRSA patients are kept in isolation rooms and healthcare workers are adviced to follow strict hand hygiene and to follow ," droplet precautions"& "contact precautions". Healthy people, especially children and young adults, do not notice small skin imperfections or scrapes in taking precautions about skin contacts. This is the likely reason MRSA outbreaks occur in people such as families, school team players (like football players or wrestlers), dormitory residents, and armed-services personnel in constant close contact.

Major problem with MRSA is that occasionally that the skin infection can spread to internal organs causing bacteremia leading to septic shock and death. It also causes complications like endocarditis , osteomyelitis ,septic arthritis, gangrene and septicemia.

Cost effectiveness of controlling antibiotic resistance bacteria is high.

Mortality and morbidity rates also increase .