Question

1)The fate of the 1^st opening in the protostomes and the 2^nd opening in the Deuterostomes is determined by: a) chondrocytes, b) osteocytes, c) neurocytes, d) myocytes, e) mesoderm.

2). In the circulatory system, what do the Aorta and the Pulmonary artery have in common? They both: a) carry blood with high O2. b) carry blood with low O₂, c) carry blood toward the heart, d) carry blood away from the heart, e) connect directly to veins.

3)The mitochondrion is important because? a) It conducts glycolysis. b) It is the site of aerobic cellular respiration. c) It is found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. d) It produces O₂, e) None are important roles for the mitochondrion.

4)The tissues that differentiate to form the Pancreas are derived from   a) epithelial cells from the endoderm, b) muscle cells from the mesoderm, c) connective tissue from the mesoderm, d) nervous tissue from the ectoderm, e) all are true.

5)The Porifera (sponges) are the first organisms to exhibit: a) specialized germ layers, b) amoebacyte cells that move through the colony releasing collagen and Calcium Carbonate outside the cell, c) neuromuscular cells, d) a digestive tube, e) Brain cells

6) For the sense of smell, the sensors detect the stimulus by: a) phagocytosis of the stimulus, b) releasing smell proteins into the environment, c) having specific receptor molecules in the cell membrane that bind a specific chemical shape that causes a nerve impulse d) determining the temperature of the stimulus, e) none of these.

7) In deuterostomes, all the following are true about the development of the nerve cells EXCEPT: a) They develop from the endoderm cells, b) They develop from the ectoderm. c) They are related to the neuromuscular cells in the Cnidaria, d) They develop from Neurocytes and eventually form the Central Nervous System, e) They function by using membrane bound Na+/K+ pumps and protein portals.

8)The multi-cellular body plan (demonstrated by the Cnideria) are possible because of the evolution of specialized cells resulting from changes that include: a) membrane proteins ( transport proteins, adhering proteins, receptor proteins etc.), b) DNA mutations and chromosomes , c)0₂ binding molecules such as hemoglobin, receptor peoteins,, enzynes, d) larges polymers, such as Myosin, Insulin starch Glycogen and chitin, e) all of these are correct,

which is the correct answer and please tell me why?

Thank you

Answer 1

1 - e) mesoderm

In protostomes, part of the mesoderm separates to form the coelom in a process called schizocoely. In deuterostomes, the mesoderm pinches off to form the coelom in a process called enterocoely. It was long believed that the blastopore developed into the mouth in protostomes and into the anuss in deuterostomes,

2- d) carry blood away from the heart,

The aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

3- a) It conducts glycolysis.

Mitochondria are tiny double membrane-bound organelles found in almost every cell of all organisms except bacteria. Known as the “powerhouse of the cell” they are primarily responsible for converting the air we breathe and the food we eat into energy that our cells can use to grow, divide and function. it is fomed by the process of glycolysis

4- a) epithelial cells from the endoderm, fact

The embryonic endoderm develops into the interior linings of two tubes in the body, the digestive and respiratory tube. the lining of the follicles of the thyroid gland and the epithelial component of the thymus (i.e. thymic epithelial cells). Liver and pancreas cells are believed to derive from a common precursor.

5- a) specialized germ layers

Porifera is a diploblastic . They have only 2 germ layers during development and no mesoderm

6- c) having specific receptor molecules in the cell membrane that bind a specific chemical shape that causes a nerve impulse

Human nose has about 6 million sensors and capability to detect nearly one trillion odours. when we sense of smell, the sensors detect the chemical signal of the smell and detect true ones

7- b) They develop from the ectoderm.

In deuterostomes, development of the nerve cells They develop from the endoderm cells,

8-