Suppose that we define money as the sum of currency and demand deposits. If people hold equal amounts of currency and demand deposits and banks maintain a reserve ratio of 10 percent, what is the size of money multiplier? a. 1.8 b. 10 c. 2.5 d. 5

the answer is (a) but i don't know why

Most of these questions can be answered in short paragraphs. Some of you might not have had a chance to vote (due to age, citizenship status, and other reasons), in such case, answer the questions hypothetically to demonstrate your understanding of the concepts. Which type of voting is more common – retrospective or prospective? Why? When you have to pick a candidate to vote, do you vote as a prospective or retrospective voter? Explain why. Which valence issues are important to you? Which positional issues are important to you? Discuss advantages and disadvantages of being an office incumbent in Washington, D.C. Which incumbent is more likely to win an election - congressional or presidential incumbent? Explain why.

Mention three economic incentives for fiscal policy as a consequence of COVID-19 that apply in Puerto Rico and / or the United States

First Amendment clearly prohibits any restrictions on the freedom of speech. Does this mean we have absolute freedom of speech? Identify the types of speech that are not automatically granted protection under the First Amendment. Discuss issues that the U.S. Supreme Court faced when dealing with each type of speech that are not completely protected by the 1st Amendment. Explain what type of "tests" and guidelines/definitions the Supreme Court has come up with to decide when it is appropriate to restrict/regulate speech. At the end, evaluate and share your opinion about the Supreme Court's handling of the free speech rights.

How is upper management accountable to shareholders for long-term growth and profits in the context of sustainability? (400 words)

Consider a pharmaceutical laboratory with the following cost information, where Q represents the number of units of a vaccine: Supply curve or marginal private cost curve (MPC): MPC = 2000+ 4Q.

Whenever a person gets vaccinated, they reduce the risk of suffering from infection for themselves. This is represented by the demand curve or marginal private benefit curve (MPB): MPB = 3000 –6Q.

a) Plot these on a clearly labelled diagram and calculate the equilibrium price and quantity.In addition, whenever a person gets vaccinated, this reduces the risk of others being infected as well.

Suppose the benefits created by this are captured by the following function: Marginal external benefit (MEB): MEB = 5Q.

b) Write out the marginal social benefit (MSB) function and plot this MSB curve on your diagram.

c) Calculate the socially efficient number of vaccine unitsand the marginal social benefit of this number of units and show this on your diagram.

d) Calculate and show on your diagram the deadweight loss from the equilibrium in part a) compared to the equilibrium in part c).

e) With the aid of your diagram, describe and explain two different solutions that could be used to implement the socially efficient quantity of vaccine units.

What might be the challenges to cost management in the airline industry, and why might certain carriers be more efficient in cost management that plays a crucial role in bottom line expectations?

How the COVID-19 Pandemic is affecting the U.S. Capital Markets? Should You Invest New Money During the Coronavirus Pandemic?

How do people change culture?

Explain why this statement is false: Competitive firms always earn zero profits in a long run equilibrium because their marginal cost is equal to their marginal revenue at the optimal level of production.

Between 2006 and 2008, Sony and Toshiba were in a format war in the market for

high-definition optical discs. Sony had developed Blu-ray discs whereas Toshiba

had developed the HD-DVD format. Both producers were manufacturing players

for their own format. However, unless Sony and Toshiba agreed on producing

only one particular format, consumers were holding off their purchases. They

feared, should they buy a player, that they risked having invested in the wrong

format, leaving them unable to play content on high-definition optical discs. Both

producers could choose either format in the production of players. Sony could

produce HD-DVD players; in that case, they would have to pay $20 Billion royalties

per year to Toshiba if they sell any players. Toshiba could produce Blu-ray players;

in that case, they would have to pay $20 Billion royalties per year to Sony if they

sell any players. Assume that, if Sony and Toshiba agree on one format, they

would have a profit of $100 Billion in players each per year before eventual royalty

payments.

(a) What are the components of a strategic game? Model the interaction be-

tween Sony and Toshiba as a strategic game, in which Sony's and Toshiba's

strategies are given by the format of the high-definition disc players they

produce and their preferences are given by their profits after paying for or

receiving royalties.

Based on your perspective, write a short summary of the challenges in international trade and global market due to covid 19.