1. Define and discuss job discrimination, equal opportunity employment, affirmative action, and the relationship between them.
2. Discuss how the decline of unions in the private sector and their growth in the public sector is related to organizational design.

Is Brexit a unique British choice of a beginning of the dissolution of the EU? What will be the consequences of hard Brexit in the rest of the EU?

1. What were the causes of Brexit?

1. Consider the labor supply and labor demand functions below, where w is the hourly wage and h is the hours worked per day.

Labor supply: w=5+2.5´h

Labor demand: w=26-0.5´h

1. Compute the daily profit of the firm assuming that other factors of production are all costless. Show all the steps. Also, draw the labor supply and labor demand lines, and identify the economic profit area. (15 points)

2. What if labor demand is less elastic; e.g., labor demand: w=26-h? Would daily profit increase? Show all the steps. (15 points)

2. An economy consists of two regions, the North and the South. The short-run elasticity of labor demand in each region is –0.75. Labor supply is perfectly inelastic within both regions. The labor market is initially in an economy-wide equilibrium, with 400,000 people employed in the North and 200,000 in the South at a wage of $10 per hour. Suddenly, 5,000 people immigrate from abroad and initially settle in the South. They possess the same skills as the native residents and also supply their labor inelastically.

1. What will be the effect of this immigration on wages in each of the regions in the short run before any migration between the North and the South occurs? Illustrate the changes using labor demand and labor supply graphs. (15 points)

2. Suppose 1,000 native-born persons per year migrate from the South to the North in response to every dollar differential in the hourly wage between the two regions. What will be the ratio of wages in the two regions after the first year native labor responds to the entry of the immigrants? (10 points)

3. Consider the following production function: Y=0.075´E^0.75´K^0.25 for a developing country, where Y is the output, E is labor input and K is capital input. Instead of thinking of immigration from a developing to a developed country, suppose a developed country invests large amounts of capital (foreign direct investment, or FDI) in our developing country.

1. How does an increase in FDI affect labor productivity in the developing country? How will wages respond in the short-run? (15 points)

2. What are the long-run implications of FDI, especially in terms of potential future immigration from the developing country? (10 points)

Why we may say that Germany plays the same role for the EU as China does for the USA in terms of trade and financial flows (BOP)? What is unique about the middle and small German enterprises.

What were the provisions of the “Maastricht Treaty”? Which countries broke the convergence criteria of the treaty and what does it mean for the future of the Eurozone?

Give 3 examples of which you've used marginal thinking in everyday life, explain the situation clearly and describe your thoughts.

Identify the ethical issue related to foxconn scandal

In May of 2019, Elon Musk’s Space X project launched Starlink telecommunication satellites. The initial launch included 60 satellites out of a potential 1200 satellites to orbit the earth in pursuit of providing a world-wide ultra-fast internet product. Astronomers, however, are not so pleased with this new project. In fact, the American Astronomical Society (AAS) issued a statement of concern that these satellite constellations will create “the potential for substantial adverse impacts to ground- and space-based astronomy. These impacts could include significant disruption of optical and near-infrared observations by direct detection of satellites in reflected and emitted light; contamination of radio astronomical observations by electromagnetic radiation in satellite communication bands; and collision with space-based observatories.” Suppose now that Elon Musk has two ways of dealing with the problem of his satellites interfering with the observatories: 1) to limit the number of his satellites to 100 which would cost him (in reduced profits) $5B, or 2) to shut down the project entirely for a total cost of $20B. The AAS, on the other hand, has two ways of dealing with this problem: 1) to raise funding to increase the number of their satellites, which would cost a total of $8B, or 2) to shut down all astronomical observatories, which would cost a total of $40B (when accounting for the value of the positive externality created by the research). Suppose now that there are no courts or third-party arbitrators to resolve this dispute; and, further, that Elon Musk places a value on his public image and reputation in the amount of $15B, which he loses if the conflict continues with the AAS. Suppose that you were hired to consult Musk on this issue. Using transaction cost analysis, what contractual agreement (if any) do you think would result in this case? (5 points) What might you advise him to ultimately do and why? (5 points)

1- What were the two key characteristics that defined American culture during the 1950s?

2- List two results of the Sputnik crisis in the United States.?

1. Suppose that the economy is hit by the coronavirus crisis. One way to represent this in the model is as lower productivity z, since some businesses need to reduce operations, and workers are less productive.

a) Using the two-sided search model, determine the effects of lower z on the unemployment rate, the vacancy rate, the labour force, aggregate output, labour market tightness, and the wage. Use diagrams, and explain your results.

b) Assume that to restore employment after the crisis, the government implements policies that make it cheaper for firms to hire workers. Analyze their effect on the unemployment rate, the vacancy rate, the labour force, aggregate output, labour market tightness, and the wage. Use diagrams, and explain your results. In your analysis, only consider a change in the cost of hiring. Ignore changes in z in your answer.

(Note to expert: Please answer both a and b as they are both part of the same question)

"why company management matters". In an essay refer to lesson learned form gustav Schulenburg topic regarding the implementation of Corporate Govenance.

The standard Mincerian wage equation is as follows:

log(w)=β0+β1S+β2exp+β3exp^2+β4X+ϵ

Q: Why is work experience and its square included in the equation? How does it relate to standard human capital theory?

Given the current situation, many firms were forced to shut down in the short-run. However, it is being assumed that many will reopen and go back to business in the near future. Look at a specific firm or industry and discuss the decision these firms need to make and how you believe conditions will impact these decisions.

Question 3 - 48 marks Answer the following true, false, or uncertain with an explanation motivating your answer (you may use graphs and math to support your answer). 1. Suppose that the central bank follows an inflation-targeting rule. Then monetary policy makes income more stable against demand shocks while it makes income more unstable against supply shocks. [8 marks] 2. Under capital budgeting, the federal government selling a highway to the province of Nova Scotia and using the proceeds to retire federal debt would affect the federal budget deficit. [8 marks] 3. If neither investment nor consumption depends on the interest rate, then the IS curve is vertical and monetary policy has no effect on output. [8 marks] 4. Regulators can solve the moral hazard problem of rescuing a financial firm (by the government) in the midst of a financial crisis if they allow firm’s equity holders be wiped out, but protect firm’s creditors. [8 marks] 5. The Bank of Canada has complete control over the size of the money supply in Canada. [8 marks] 6. Fiscal policy has a relatively long inside lag, but short outside lag. In contrast, monetary policy has a relatively short inside lag but long outside lag. This is an argument for passive policy. [8 marks]

Only Answer part 3, 4, 5, 6