Question

An epidemiologic study in Belgium examined the relationship between daily sunlight exposure and the development of cataracts in 8,000 individuals. The results of the study were as follows: OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2 to 4.6). After controlling for vitamin E intake, a possible protective factor, the ORMH was 3.6 (95% CI = 1.3 to 5.1). Failure to control for Viramin E led to which of the following in the above study?

• A. Negative Confounding
• B. Selection Bias
• C. Positive Confounding
• D. Information Bias

True or false: A confounding variable must be a risk factor for the health outcome.

True False

Answer 1

An epidemiologic study in Belgium examined the relationship between daily sunlight exposure and the development of cataracts in 8,000 individuals. The results of the study were as follows: OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2 to 4.6). After controlling for vitamin E intake, a possible protective factor, the ORMH was 3.6 (95% CI = 1.3 to 5.1).

1. Failure to control for Vitamin-E led to which of the following in the above study?

Ans: - D. Information Bias

Information Bias (additionally called perception inclination or estimation predisposition) happens when key data is either estimated, gathered, or deciphered mistakenly. Data is gathered distinctively between two gatherings, prompting a blunder in the finish of the affiliation.

Information Bias results from precise contrasts in the manner information on presentation or result are gotten from the different investigation groups. This may imply that people are allotted to an inappropriate result class, prompting a wrong gauge of the relationship among introduction and result.

Blunders in estimation are otherwise called misclassifications, and the extent of the impact of predisposition relies upon the kind of misclassification that has happened. There are two sorts of misclassification differential and non-differential and these are managed somewhere else.

2. True or false: A confounding variable must be a risk factor for the health outcome.

Ans: - True

A potential confounder is any factor that may affect the danger of illness under investigation. This may incorporate components with a direct causal connect to the malady, just as variables that are intermediary measures for other obscure causes, for example, age and financial status.