Question

State the null hypothesis.

State the alternate hypothesis.

What is (are) the independent variable(s)?

What is (are) the dependent variable(s)?

Objective

African-American adolescents are twice as likely to develop hypertension in early adulthood than adolescents from other racial groups. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a school-based health promotion intervention.

Method

Participants were African-American adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years attending an urban high school. The 9-week intervention program focused on the participants' knowledge, diet, exercise, and blood pressure.

Conclusions

The intervention program was efficacious in knowledge (p = .0001), exercise (p = .0001), as well as fruit and vegetable intake (p = .0001). Differences in systolic (p = .5548) and diastolic (p = .9719) blood pressure levels were not significant.

Answer 1

1) Null Hypothesis (Ho) : Null Hypothesis denoted by H0 is statement that there is no effect or no relationship between phenomena or populations.

The Null Hypothesis is that intervention program is not efficacious/effective.

2) Alternate Hypothesis (H1) : Alternate hypothesis, H1, says that there is a effect/ relationship between populations due to non-random phenomenon.

The Alternate Hypothesis is that intervention program is efficacious/effective.

3) Independent Variables : Also known as IV, is the variable whose value is changed/controlled to see the effect on Dependent variable.

In this case, Independent variable is knowledge , exercise, fruit and vegetable intake as these are variables changed to see the effect. We are changing the values of knowledge , exercise, fruit and vegetable intake in this intervention program.

4) Dependent Variables : Also known DV, the variable whose value is dependent on Independent Variable.

In this case, dependent variables are systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure because their value is dependent on above independent variables such as knowledge ,exercise, fruit and vegetable intake.