Question

41. What activities are considered ADL?

42. What are instructional objectives/learning outcome?

43. Give an example of a learning outcome for lesson plan.

44. “Cone of learning”

45. Formative vs. summative evaluation

Answer 1

Answer 41:

Activities of daily living are those fundamental skills that an individual requires to independently care for oneself.

They are of two types:

Basic ADL - these are required to maintain one's basic physical needs

Example -

1. Walking
2. Feeding
3. Dressing
4. Personal hygiene
5. Continence (controlling bowel and bladder function)
6. Toileting - getting to and fro the toilet and keeping oneself clean

Instrumental ADL - these activities require a higher level of thinking and organizational skill

1. Cooking
2. Managing money
3. Home cleaning and maintenance
4. Shopping
5. taking medicines on time

Answer 42

• Instructional objective and learning outcomes are related to education.
• They are often used interchangeably however there are a few differences.
• The learning objective is the broad intent of an educational program.
• It is related to what the student will be able to do after he/she has completed the course.
• It considered the common problems a student may face while practicing what he has learned.
• As a result, the learning outcome is more practical and result and skill-oriented.
• The instructional objective is a more detailed and precise goal of education.
• They talk about what all the students will be exposed to during the course of learning.
• The student after completion of the course is expected to know certain things, or rather is assumed to know.
• The exhaustive nature of the instructional objective makes it impractical.
• The instructional objectives are less student-oriented and more course-developer oriented.
• therefore, it is likely that the student may completely miss the point of the course

Answer 43

• A lecture on use of Meter-dose inhalers is organized.
• The learning outcomes of this lecture should be:
  • Describe the method of using MDI correctly.
  • Demonstrate 2 methods of ensuring the MDI canister is empty
  • Should know the common side effect of MDIs

Answer 44

• Cone of learning incorporated various theories related to instructional design and learning process
• It was designed by Dale Edger.
• But D.G.Triechler included numbers in the original design
• As per the cone of learning, a student is more likely to learn if he/she receives hands-on experience and the less likely to learn in the traditional classroom teaching format.
• Example - an hour-long lecture on cardiopulmonary resuscitation will not be as effective as hands-on CPCr training on mannequins.
• This modification in the teaching process, helps student retain more

Answer 45

• Formative evaluation -
  • This is the process by which a program is assessed while the program is still going on
  • Example - a short quiz at end of the less
  • This helps detect misconceptions and help fill the learning gaps.
• Summative evaluation
  • It is  the process of evaluation of a program after it is completed
  • Example - Final essay for the educational program is completed