Question

Write a report on the topic 'Industries and their future in India'.

Answer 1

INDUSTRIES AND THEIR FUTURE IN INDIA:

INRODUCTION:

Today india is one among the top ten industrial nations of the world. industrial development has changed india's economy from under-developed status to developing status.

industries can be classified into various types on the basis of their structure.the two main types are manufacturing industries including heavy and light industries and small scale cottage industries.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES:

Industries which are concerned with the processing of raw materials into finished products are called manufacturing industries.

IMPORTENCE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES:

• manufacturing industries increase the india national income and per capita income
• industrial development solves the problems of unemployment and under employment which are some of the major problems of india.
• many institutions belonging to the tertiary sector are also deeloped as a result of industrial development. e.g.banking eduction, insurance, transport and communication.

FACILITIES AVAILABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA:

1) India has plenty of natural resources like forests, minerals, power resources, water resources etc. which are required for industrial development.

2) India has large human resource, which can provide cheap labour. The large population of India also provides market for industrial products.

3) India is an agricultural country. Agriculture provides raw materials for many industries and agriculture is the chief market for industrial products.

Industrial regions of India:

Based on the factors mentioned above, four main industrial regions are found in India. They are,

1) West Bengal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh

2) Maharashtra and Gujarat

3) Central Gangetic region

4) South India Jharkhand,

West Bengal and Chhattisgarh region: It is also known as Damodar-Hooghli region. The region includes Chotanagpur plateau which has large deposits of minerals like iron ore, coal, manganese and mica.

Maharashtra – Gujarat region: It has extensive cotton growing areas. There are good transport and port facilities, hydro-electric power, labour force and facilities for capital investment. Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surat, Sholapur are noted for cotton manufacture.

Central Gangetic region: This region produces plenty of raw materials required for agro-based industries. The Plain region has made possible for the development of roads and railways. High density of population has provided market and labour supply.

South India: The industries are spread over many towns and cities of South India. Many types of industries have been developed. Availability of raw materials, hydro-electric power, market and labour force have helped the growth of many industries. Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Salem and Hyderabad are the important industrial centres.

Paper Industry: Paper manufacturing had been carried on in India as a cottage industry since ancient times. As a manufacturing industry it was rst started in 1867 at Bally near Kolkata. There were only 15 paper mills before independence. Softwood, bamboo, sabai grass, straw, bagasse, soft water and chemicals are the raw materials required for paper industry. Owing to very limited forest as raw materials. The chemicals required for paper industry are caustic soda, soda ash, sodium sulphate, chlorine and sulphuric acid. West Bengal has the largest number of paper mills in India.

Iron and steel industry:Bihar (present Jharkhand) by the Tatas, called Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO). Again in 1919 a steel plant was set up at Burnpur in West Bengal called Indian Iron and Steel Company (ISCO) and at Bhadravathi in Karnataka in 1923 called Mysore Iron and Steel Company (MISCO). Now it is called Vishweswaraiah Iron and Steel Company (VISCO). After Independence during the Second Five Year Plan period, three big Iron and Steel plants were established at Bhilai in Madhya Pradesh (now in Chhattisgarh) Rourkela in Orissa and Durgapur in West Bengal. During the Third Five Year Plan, a very big steel plant was established at Bokaro in Bihar ( now in Jharkhand).

Chemical Industry: Many chemicals are required for the production of rayon, rubber, paper, glass, soap, chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Except for sulphur, the other raw materials are available in India for the production of chemicals. After Independence great progress has been made in this direction. At present, there are more than three hundred chemical factories spread all over India. Mumbai, Kolkata, Kanpur, Bangalore, Chennai and Ahmedabad are the important centres of this industry. Sulphuric acid, caustic soda, soda ash, bleaching powder and soaps are produced in our country.

Chemical fertilizer industry: Chemical fertilizers are very essential to improve the fertility of the soil and to increase the production in agriculture. India being a predominantly an agricultural nation, production of chemical fertilizers is necessary. Complex fertilizers like urea, ammonium sulphate and nitrates are produced in India. The bi-products of coal, and oil reneries are used as raw materials in this industry. Now natural gas is also used as a raw material. The rst chemical fertilizer factory in India was started at Belagola near Mysore (Mysore fertilizers). The next factory was started at Travancore (Alwaye) in Kerala called Fertilizer and Chemicals Travancore Ltd. (FACTS). Now there are more than one hundred fertilizer factories under both public and private sectors. Some of the important fertilizer factories under the public sector are at Sindri (Jharkhand), Nangal (Punjab), Trombay (Maharashtra), Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh). Rourkela (Orissa), Neyveli (Tamilnadu), Durgapur (West Bengal), Kochi (Kerala) and Mangalore (Karnataka).

Cement Industry: Cement is the most essential commodity for construction work after iron and steel. For the construction of buildings, roads, river valley projects, bridges etc., cement is very necessary along with iron. That is why the consumption of cement is the index for the rate of development of a country. The rst cement factory was set up at Chennai in 1904. It used seashells as raw material. Now limestone, coal and gypsum are the main raw materials. As the raw materials are heavy, the cement factories are generally located close to the source of raw materials. Cement factories are located all over India, because the raw materials are available throughout the country. There are about 150 cement factories in India. Most of the cement factories are in Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

INDUSTRIES FUTURE IN INDIA:

Food Processing:

The Indian food processing industry is a high priority sector and is poised for excellentgrowth in the coming years because it holds the vital link between agriculture andindustry. India is the world’s largest producer of food after China. With increasingimpetus by the government on research, it is estimated that India’s food production islikely to double in the next decade. This opens up huge opportunities in foodprocessing areas like canning, packaging, frozen food and thermo processing.

healthcare:

India’s healthcare sector has been growing rapidly driven by a number of factors suchas increasing the average life expectancy and average income level and risingawareness for health insurance. The Indian healthcare industry, which compriseshospitals, medicines, infrastructure, and medical devices, outsourcing telemedicine,health insurance and medical equipments is expected to reach US $200 billion by 2020 from the current US $100 billion, growing at around 20 percent per year.

Tourism:

India’s tourism industry is experienced a strong period of growth, driven by theburgeoning Indian middle class, growth in high spending foreign tourists, andcoordinated government campaigns to promote ‘Incredible India.’ The tourism industry in India is substantial and vibrant, and the country is fast becoming a majorglobal destination. India’s rich history and its culture and geographical diversity makeitsinternational tourism appeal large and diverse. India is a country with diversified culture and traditions. The natural beauty of India, festivals, dresses, heritage, sites ofIndia are very popular among tourists. These things fascinate travelers to comehere.India has so many science blesses places like Kerala, Shimla. These places are prime attraction of travelers from across the world.

Retail:

The Indian Retail Industry is the largest among all the industries, accounting for over 10 per cent of the country’s GDP and around 8 per cent of the employment. The Retail ndustry in India has come forth as one of the most dynamic and fast paced industries with several players entering the market. But all of them have not yet tasted success because of the heavy initial investments that are required to break even with other companies and compete with them. The India Retail Industry is gradually inching its way towards becoming the next boom industry.The total concept and idea of shopping has undergone an attention drawing change in terms of format and consumer buying behavior, ushering in a revolution in shopping in India. Modern retailing has entered into the Retail market in India as is observed inthe form of bustling shopping centers, multi-storied malls and the huge complexes thatoffer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof.

CONCLUSION

Entirely new or restructured industrial sectors, growing at a rate faster than overalleconomy, such industries usually come into being when customers need change, newtechnologies replace older ones, or when new socio economic conditions emerge.Emerging sectors in an economy are types of markets that seem to be getting moreimportant in that economy. These markets seem to have the potential to grow. As for examples, this varies from country to country. Worldwide, the most likely emergingsector appears to be“green power”. Companies that have good products in this sectorshould be able to experience rapid growth in the near future. So an industry willqualify as an emerging sector, when it is still small, but its growth begins to accelerate.For an industry qualifies as emerging sector, not only on the basis of its existing stage,but also on expectation of future growth.As explained above the four sectors there aremany other sectors like Insurance, Textiles, Entertainment, Manufacturing whichcomes under thecriteria of emerging sectors.