Question

PREMISE:

Your 85-year-old patient is being discharged home after recovering from an exacerbation of congestive heart failure. He asks you to review his home medications with him and his daughter.

Recent History

The patient stated that he began coughing up “thick pink sputum.” He had not felt well for several

days and noticed that his shoes and socks were a little tight. He stated that he took an extra “water

pill” and called his daughter. When she arrived, he was having difficulty breathing. She brought him

to the emergency room. That was a week ago. He has been in critical care, and now, after a few days

on the step-down unit, he is being discharged. His family wants to help keep a closer eye on him and

his medicines.

Home Medications

Amlodipine (Norvasc) 10 mg daily orally

Aspirin 80 mg tab a day orally

Atenolol (Tenormin) 50 mg daily orally

Clonidine (Catapres) 0.1 mg daily orally

Furosemide (Lasix) 80 mg every morning orally

Hydrocodone 10 mg 1 tab every 6 hours as needed for pain

Isosorbide (Imdur) 60 mg every morning orally

Potassium chloride 20 mEq daily orally

Question: Do I know the individual’s past medical history by looking at the medications? please explain

medications are as follows

Amlodipine

Aspirin

Atenolol

Clonidine

Furosemide

Hydrocodone

Isosorbide

Potassium chloride

Answer 1

PAST MEDICAL HISTORY :

Patient use amlodipine, aspirin, atenolol,clonidine, furosemide, hydrocodone, isosorbide, potassium chloride in this home.

Indication those medication we stated about patient past medical history he /she had hypertension, coronary artery disease or angina.,arthritis or mild to moderate pain, edema with congestive heart failure, hypokalemia etc.

DESCRIPTION ABOUT THOSE MEDICATION :

1. AMLODIPINE :

▪It is a calcium channel blocker

▪Brand name -- Norvasc

▪Route -- orally ( tablet forms)

▪Use--high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, angina or chest pain.

▪Side effects --Stomach pain,nausea, vomiting, dizziness, irregular heart rate and palpitation.

▪Mode of action --- Amlodipine blocks calcium from entering some tissue and artery and easier to relax so that blood can flow easily to heart.

2.ASPIRIN :

▪It is non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

▪Mode of action --It is work by inhibiting an enzyme that produces prostaglandin hormone that trigger processes in the body.

▪Route --orally, rectal,IV/I'M

▪Use--reduce fever, mild to moderate pain, muscle aches, toothache

▪Side effects --Severe nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, ringing in ears and bloody stools.

3.ATENOLOL:

▪It is a beta -blocker

▪Route --IV and orally

▪Mode of action--It is working by blocking the action of natural chemicals in body such as epinephrine on heart and blood vessels.

▪Use-- treat angina, hypertension, heart attack

▪side effects --constipation, dizziness, dry mouth

4.CLONIDINE :

▪It is antihypertensive

▪Mode of action --It works in the brain to change some of the nerve impulse. The blood vessels relax and blood passes through them more easily which decrease blood pressure.

▪Use--High blood pressure, drug withdrawn, menopausal flushing

▪Side effects --dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness and irritability

5.FURISEMIDE:

▪It is loop diuretics

▪Mode of action --It works by blocking the absorption sodium, chloride from the kidney tubules.

▪Use -- edema in people with congestive heart failure, liver and kidney disease

▪Side effects -- nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache

6.HYDRICODONE:

▪It is narcotic analgesic

▪Mode of action--primarily binds to and activate mu opioid receptor in the central nervous system.

▪Use--relieve severe pain.

▪Side effects --Nausea, heartburn, headache

7.ISOSORBODE :

▪It is nitrate group of drugs

▪Route --orally and sublingual

▪Mode of action --It is improve the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart and reduce the work to dialate artery and vein.

▪Use--chest pain, coronary artery disease.

▪Side effects --Headache;,dizziness

8.POTASSIUM HYDROCHLORIDE :

▪It is electrolyte

▪Mode of action --nerve impulse conduct and contraction of cardiac ,skeletal and smooth muscle.

▪Use'--Prevent or to treat low blood levels (hypokalemia )

▪Side effects --nausea, vomiting and upset stomach.