Question

In software development, we can distinguish between Waterfall and Agile approaches. Describe these different approaches and critically discuss the pros and cons of both types of approaches.（Use examples and theories）

Answer 1

Answer:-The two main approaches in project development are waterfall and agile.

Waterfall approach:- It is a traditional method in software development. This approach is completely sequential and broken down into multiple phases. These phases are conception, gathering and analysis, design, coding, testing, and implementation. Here the project development team moves to the next phase of testing only after successfully completing the previous step. It is quite a rigid and structured software development approach.

Example:- If the organization has strict legal requirements and less space for changes and the product owner does not want to involve then the waterfall approach would be suitable.

Agile approach:- The agile method follows continuous iterative development and testing approach in the software development process. It is quite flexible for any change required in project development. It breaks down a larger project into a smaller project called sprints. This method allows for interaction between customers, testers, developers, and managers.

Example:- If the organization does not need to meet any strict legal rules where they can work flexibly and the customer wants every detail about the project then agile approach would be best to opt for.

The pros and cons of Waterfall and Agile approaches are:-

Waterfall

Pros	Cons
1. Because of its sequential process, before the project starts there is a clear understanding of project deliveries and timelines.	1.As it follows a clear step so it is difficult to make a change if the development team met any obstacle.
2. Each stage is well documented to remove any misunderstandings.	Because of the initial documentation, the customer is not involved which can lead to disappointed if results are not met
3. A good method for small-size project	The last-minute testing can lead to extra cost if there is any failure.

Agile

Pros	Cons
1. Make stakeholders involve in each stage which helps to meet their expectations	1. The cost is high.
2. Testing is done on each stage so less chance of failure at the end of the project.	2. Does not work well for a small project
3. It is extremely flexible	3. Require a higher level of communication since it has a high level of collaboration.

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