What process is similar to powdered metallurgy in ceramic materials?

For the following, assume air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats at 300K. Find the work and heat transfer and state whether they are into or out of the air.

In an open system, air is heated at constant pressure from 27°C, 400 kPa to 500K.

w = 0 kJ/kg, q = 201 kJ/kg

In a closed system, air is heated at constant pressure from 27°C, 100 kPa to 500K.

w = 57.4 kJ/kg, q = 201 kJ/kg

Describe the difference between a point defect and a line defect and the effects on the crystal structure. Give an example and sketch of each of the two types.

Describe the process of interdiffusion. How is this process affected by temperature and how is it affected by the crystal structure of the material?

A piston–cylinder assembly contains 2 lb of water, initially at 100 lbf/in.2 and 600°F. The water undergoes two processes in series: a constant-pressure process followed by a constant volume process. At the end of the constant-volume process, the temperature is 300°F and the water is a two-phase liquid–vapor mixture with a quality of 50%. Neglect kinetic and potential energy effects. Determine the work and heat transfer for each process, all in Btu.

A long cylindrical rod of 100 mm radius consists of a nuclear material (k = 0.5 W/m-K) generating 24 kW/m3 uniformly throughout its volume. The rod is enclosed within a tube having an outer radius of 200 mm and a thermal conductivity of 4 W/m-K. The outer surface is exposed to a convection environment at 100 C with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2-k.

a) Calculate the heat rate per unit length being convected away from the rod.

b) Calculate the interface temperature and the outer surface temperature.

c) Show a plot of temperature vs. radius from r = 0 to r = 300 mm.

Write a discussion and conclusion for simple harmonic motion.

A long cylindrical rod of 100 mm radius consists of a nuclear material (k = 0.5 W/m-K) generating 24 kW/m3 uniformly throughout its volume. The rod is enclosed within a tube having an outer radius of 200 mm and a thermal conductivity of 4 W/m-K. The outer surface is exposed to a convection environment at 100 C with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2-k.

a) Calculate the heat rate per unit length being convected away from the rod.

b) Calculate the interface temperature and the outer surface temperature.

c) Show a plot of temperature vs. radius from r = 0 to r = 300 mm.

Problem 3.030 SI Using the tables for water, determine the specified property data at the indicated states. (a) At p = 3 bar, v = 0.35 m3/kg, find T in °C and u in kJ/kg. (b) At T = 320°C, v = 0.23 m3/kg, find p in MPa and u in kJ/kg. (c) At p = 28 MPa, T = 700°C, find v in m3/kg and h in kJ/kg. (d) At T = 10°C, v = 10 m3/kg, find p in kPa and h in kJ/kg.

Different nations have proposed different responses to climate change. For example:

-The United States has proposed to inject aerosols into the stratosphere as a means of solar radiation management.

-China has proposed to implement solar radiation management using reflectors in space.

-Scotland has proposed marine cloud brightening for solar radiation management.

(etc. etc….)

Choosing any one of the above examples, describe in more detail how the response could be implemented. Outline the likely risks covering technical, social and economic perspectives.

* PLEASE CHOOSE THE EASIEST AND SHORTEST ANSWER .

*PLEASE TYPE THEM ON COMPUTER

To what extent do you think the UK Government should invest in the development of Greenhouse Gas Removal technologies? Justify your answer with reference to the arguments for and against these technologies, mentioning some examples to support your conclusions.

PLEASE DO IT IN COMPUTER

G5. Choose any three of the following:

-Milankovitch cycle

-Radiative forcing

-Ocean acidification

-Short-term organic carbon cycle

-Chlorine catalytic cycle

-Problem shifting

Food-water-energy nexus

In the context of Engineering Design and the Natural Environment, what do you understand by these terms? Write a concise paragraph explaining the meaning and significance in each case.             

PLEASE CHOOSE THE EAIEST AND THE SHORTEST THREE.

*NOTE: PLEASE TYPE THEM ON COMPUTER

The year is 2020 and the Conference of the Parties (COP26) is taking place in Beijing. Nations have finally conceded that it is no longer feasible to limit global temperature rise to 2°C by means of existing approaches based on mitigation. An alternative response to global warming is needed and three options are being discussed:

Adaptation

Geoengineering based on carbon dioxide removal

Geoengineering based on solar radiation management

Which of these do you believe should be given priority? Justify your answer.

PLEASE DO IT IN COMPUTER

The UK’s Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) has an annual budget of £500 million to spend on national initiatives to tackle climate change. This budget may be spent in three main policy areas: (1) mitigation, (2) adaptation or (3) geoengineering. Which area do you think should receive the largest portion of the budget? Justify your choice.

PLEASE DO IT IN COMPUTER