Describe the process of interdiffusion. How is this process affected by temperature and how is it affected by the crystal structure of the material?

A piston–cylinder assembly contains 2 lb of water, initially at 100 lbf/in.2 and 600°F. The water undergoes two processes in series: a constant-pressure process followed by a constant volume process. At the end of the constant-volume process, the temperature is 300°F and the water is a two-phase liquid–vapor mixture with a quality of 50%. Neglect kinetic and potential energy effects. Determine the work and heat transfer for each process, all in Btu.

A long cylindrical rod of 100 mm radius consists of a nuclear material (k = 0.5 W/m-K) generating 24 kW/m3 uniformly throughout its volume. The rod is enclosed within a tube having an outer radius of 200 mm and a thermal conductivity of 4 W/m-K. The outer surface is exposed to a convection environment at 100 C with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2-k.

a) Calculate the heat rate per unit length being convected away from the rod.

b) Calculate the interface temperature and the outer surface temperature.

c) Show a plot of temperature vs. radius from r = 0 to r = 300 mm.

Write a discussion and conclusion for simple harmonic motion.

A long cylindrical rod of 100 mm radius consists of a nuclear material (k = 0.5 W/m-K) generating 24 kW/m3 uniformly throughout its volume. The rod is enclosed within a tube having an outer radius of 200 mm and a thermal conductivity of 4 W/m-K. The outer surface is exposed to a convection environment at 100 C with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2-k.

a) Calculate the heat rate per unit length being convected away from the rod.

b) Calculate the interface temperature and the outer surface temperature.

c) Show a plot of temperature vs. radius from r = 0 to r = 300 mm.

Problem 3.030 SI Using the tables for water, determine the specified property data at the indicated states. (a) At p = 3 bar, v = 0.35 m3/kg, find T in °C and u in kJ/kg. (b) At T = 320°C, v = 0.23 m3/kg, find p in MPa and u in kJ/kg. (c) At p = 28 MPa, T = 700°C, find v in m3/kg and h in kJ/kg. (d) At T = 10°C, v = 10 m3/kg, find p in kPa and h in kJ/kg.

Different nations have proposed different responses to climate change. For example:

-The United States has proposed to inject aerosols into the stratosphere as a means of solar radiation management.

-China has proposed to implement solar radiation management using reflectors in space.

-Scotland has proposed marine cloud brightening for solar radiation management.

(etc. etc….)

Choosing any one of the above examples, describe in more detail how the response could be implemented. Outline the likely risks covering technical, social and economic perspectives.

* PLEASE CHOOSE THE EASIEST AND SHORTEST ANSWER .

*PLEASE TYPE THEM ON COMPUTER

To what extent do you think the UK Government should invest in the development of Greenhouse Gas Removal technologies? Justify your answer with reference to the arguments for and against these technologies, mentioning some examples to support your conclusions.

PLEASE DO IT IN COMPUTER

G5. Choose any three of the following:

-Milankovitch cycle

-Radiative forcing

-Ocean acidification

-Short-term organic carbon cycle

-Chlorine catalytic cycle

-Problem shifting

Food-water-energy nexus

In the context of Engineering Design and the Natural Environment, what do you understand by these terms? Write a concise paragraph explaining the meaning and significance in each case.             

PLEASE CHOOSE THE EAIEST AND THE SHORTEST THREE.

*NOTE: PLEASE TYPE THEM ON COMPUTER

The year is 2020 and the Conference of the Parties (COP26) is taking place in Beijing. Nations have finally conceded that it is no longer feasible to limit global temperature rise to 2°C by means of existing approaches based on mitigation. An alternative response to global warming is needed and three options are being discussed:

Adaptation

Geoengineering based on carbon dioxide removal

Geoengineering based on solar radiation management

Which of these do you believe should be given priority? Justify your answer.

PLEASE DO IT IN COMPUTER

The UK’s Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) has an annual budget of £500 million to spend on national initiatives to tackle climate change. This budget may be spent in three main policy areas: (1) mitigation, (2) adaptation or (3) geoengineering. Which area do you think should receive the largest portion of the budget? Justify your choice.

PLEASE DO IT IN COMPUTER

Outline what you understand by the following terms in the context of climate change. Give an example in each case.  

-Milankovitch cycle

-Feedback loop

-Radiative forcing                                                    

PLEASE TYPE IT ON COMPUTER

it is about plastic deformation and elastic deformation

can you explain annealed case and non-annealed case relation to workhardening and elongation with stress- strain curve
and
the reason although area decrease, force increase , can you explain this with slide, twinning, dislocations, heat change ?

Q. A hypothetical velocity field is given in Cartesian Coordinates by: V? = 4z^2t i ? 4x k where i, j and k are the unit base vectors. t is the time variable and (x, y, z) are the Cartesian Coordinates in the ( i, j , k ) directions respectively. The fluid density is constant and given by p = 1000kg/m^3

5(a) Give the (x, y, z) components of V? which are written
(u, v, w)respectively. Check whether the flow satisfies the
appropriate continuity equation and conclude whether this
flow is physically possible. Note that the general continuity
equation is given on the formulae sheet at the end exam
paper.

5(b) Give the general expression of the acceleration field from
the above velocity field in the Eulerian frame of reference
and calculate the acceleration at (t, x, y, z) = (t, ?1,5,1) and
at (t, x, y, z) = (1, ?1,5,1) .

5(c) Calculate the component of the velocity in the direction of
the vector t = 2 i + a j, written Vt (where a is an unknown constant) . This can be obtained from:
Vt = V??t/|t |

where the dot indicates the dot product of vectors and the
bold font indicates that we are dealing with vectors.

5(d) Check whether the pressure field p = 2x + y satisfies the
appropriate form of the incompressible x momentum
equation which may be derived from the equation given on
the formulae sheet at end of the examination paper. You
can neglect gravity.