Question

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8. Show 3 ways nurses can teach adults at risk for impaired glucose regulation how to prevent or delay development of type 2 DM.

9. Show 3 ways nurses can implement nursing interventions to help the patient and family cope with the psychosocial impact caused by DM and its complications.

10. Show 3 ways nurses can Show 3 ways nurses can apply knowledge of pathophysiology to assess patients for problems associated with impaired glucose regulation and DM.

11. Show 3 ways nurses can implement evidence-based nursing interventions to improve glucose regulation and prevent complications of DM.

12. Show 3 ways nurses can teach the patient and caregiver(s) about common drugs and other therapies used to manage DM and its complications.

13. Show 3 ways nurses can implement evidence-based interprofessional collaborative care to manage patients experiencing hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, or hyperglycemic-hyperosomolar state (HHS).

Answer 1

• 8. Physical exercise (walking 30mts a day)
• Manage the weight and BMI
• Eat healthy diet, less fat and meat more fiber, whole grain, vegetables, fruits
• 9.ventilate the family to express their feeling.
• Psychological support to patient and family
• Involve patient and family to make decision related to care.
• 10. Due to environmental factors and life style changes (over eating, smoking, increased alcohol intake, lack of exercise ) causes high fat leads to obesity which result in insulin resistance (reduction of post prandial insulin secretion enhances over working of pancreatic beta cell) cause development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Assess BMI
• Monitor blood sugar( PPBS reduced ), HbA1C cholesterol etc.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol
• 11.Micro vascular complications (nerupathy, retinopathy and nephropathy).macro vascular complications ( cardiovascular comorbidities, ).
• Check blood monitoring ( renal function test, blood sugar level etc regularly
• Periodically check ophthalmic examination
• A weight loss of 5- 10% of total body weight significantly improve blood sugar level through exercise and diet.
• Medication on time.
• 12. Common drugs are metformin( increase production of glucose by liver and uptake muscle, glymipride sulfonyl urea increase insulin secretion by pancrease.
• Patients may experience unstable blood sugar level by the intake of ineffective dosing of antidiabetic agents.
• Insulin injection different types of insulin are used. Site of insulin site may be rotated to prevent complication such as lipidodystrophy.  
• Administration of insulin and OHA on time
• Take food half an hour before administration of insulin and OHA