Question

Introspection vs. Behaviorism vs. the Cognitive Revolution: what was the

basic philosophy behind each of these three, and Names of famous psychologists associated with each one and what they

were famous for?

Answer 1

INTROSPECTION

Introspection is the oldest method for psychological studies and it was developed by W.Wunt for the study of conscious experiences .In the early days ,behaviour was studied only through a kind of self examination of inner observation.This strategy was known as introspection.The word introspection means looking inward.It was a kind of self observation.For example ,if one wants to study the mental states in anger ,he should introspect and analyse his own mental feelings at the time of experiencing that emotion.

Introspection is simple and readily available method .One's mental processes are always present and can be introspected at any time .

In actual practice ,introspection is almost impossible because the state of one's mental process is continously changing.Therefore,when one experience an emotion ,one cannot observe what is going on ,one cannot experience it in natural way.For example ,when ones gets angry he cannot objectively notice what is going on in his mind,when he tries to introspect,the state of anger is sure to have passed off.

BEHAVIORISM

Behaviourism is a feild of psychology and a systematic approach to understand the behaviour of humans .Behaviourism rosed in the 1900s .After that John B.Watson devised amethadological behaviourism,whiuch rejected introspective methods .Behaviour modification is structured learning new skills and other behaviours are learned,undesired habits and reactions are reduced,and the client become more motivated for the desired changes.

Ivan pavlov ia the major figure behind behaviourism .Pavlov conducted expiriments that uncovered the basic process of respondant conditioning .He demonstrated that a reflex could be conditioned for a neutral stimulus.

Edward L.Thorndike

His major contribution was the description of the law effect.The law of effect states that a behaviour that produces a favourable effect on the enviornment is more likely to be repeated in the future.

John B Watson started the movement in psychology called behaviourism

B.F .Skinner expanded the feid of behaviourism originally described by watson.

COGNITIVE REVOLUTION

Cognitive revolution an intellectual revolution that began in 1950s and after time it called by the name cognitive science .It focuses on attention ,memory ,pattern,recognition,images,sematic organisation ,language process ,thinking ,etc...

The different relevent areas of cognitive psychology are cognitive neuroscience ,cognitive science etc...

The emergence communication theory prompted expiriments in signal detection,attention ,cybernetics ,and information theory are the theories significant to cognitive theory.To understand the cognitive development theorist of the school tried to find out and explain the strategies by which an intelligent organism like the human being processes knowledge by himself and thus develops cognitively.

An important feild of cognitive revolution is cognitive science .The three scientific areas of development namely computer science ,neuroscience ,and cognitive psychology converge to create a new science called cognitive science .One thing is clear that is the science of human cognition is undergoing a radical transformation as aresult of majoir changes in computer technology and brain science .

George miller famous for his publication the magical number 7 contributed a lot in expirimental psychology and involved in cognitive revolution.

Noam chomsky is also contributed alot in cognitive revolution.

Piaget is an important personality related to cognitive revolution .Piaget developed cognitive learning theory.Piaget was an ardent spokesman of cognitive development approach to learning.

Bruner has contributed much to the technology of information processing leading to the development of cognitive structure of the individual .