3. Identify age appropriate physiological responses to medications in infants and children. 4. What are the...

3. Identify age appropriate physiological responses to medications in infants and children.

4. What are the maximum volumes for IM administration in the infant, toddler, school age, and adolescent children?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Deltoid - in infants- not recommended

Toddler- 0.5ml

School age - 0.5 ml, Adolescent- 0.5ml to 1ml

Ventro gluteal - in infants not recommended, Toddler- 1.5ml, school age- 1.5ml to 2ml, adolescent- 1.5ml to 2ml
Dorso gluteal not recommended in infants, toddler, school age. In adolescents -1.ml to 2ml
Vastus lateralis - in infants - 0.5ml, in toddler - 1 to 1.5ml, school age - 1.5 to 2ml, adolescent - 1.5 to 2ml

3.physiological response of medication in infants

Surface area of gut is higher so increase absorption
Gastric pH is less which inhibits the absorption of acid labile drugs
Infants have decreased pancreatic exocrine function which affects the absorption of prodrug esters of fatty acids
Glomerular filtration rate and tubular absorption is decreased due to immature development of kidneys. This results in improper drug absorption and can lead to toxicity

Physiological responses of medication in children

BMR is higher so the drugs are quickly absorbed. So the drugs dosage to relative body weight of the children should be more than adults
Decrease the risk of toxicity because blood brain barrier and skin barrier becomes more effective

Nightingale answered 1 year ago

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