In: Nursing
1. List 5 of circulatory disturbances
2. An ATU student suffered organ failure due to hypoxia. A cascade of circulatory disturbances led to hypoxia; embolism, thrombosis, endothelial cell injury, infarction, hypoxia.
a. Arrange these circulatory disturbances as 1 event leading to the other and explain how they happen.
Ans) 1) Circulatory system diseases
Coronary artery disease.
Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis.
Stroke.
Hypertension.
Heart failure.
Aortic dissection and aneurysm.
Myocarditis and pericarditis.
Cardiomyopathy.
2) Tissue hypoxia seems to be one of the common features in cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, vascular remodeling and heart failure. Notably, HIF-α signal has a potential to become a therapeutic target in the managing cardiovascular remodeling. While a number of questions remain unsolved as to the roles of inflammation or metabolic alteration in cardiovascular disorders, further study on the hypoxia signaling will help us to understand its pathological processes.
a) Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States, claiming 610,000 people per year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- Heart disease is a broad term that covers a wide range of diseases and disorders, including stroke (the blockage of blood to the brain), heart attack (the flow of blood to the heart is blocked), hypertension (high blood pressure causing the heart to work harder), arteriosclerosis (the arteries become thick and stiff) and aneurysm (a damaged blood vessel that can lead to internal bleeding).
- Risk factors for heart disease include age, sex, family history, poor diet, smoking and stress, as well as high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol levels, according to the Mayo Clinic. There are many ways that heart disease can be prevented, including keeping other health conditions under control, maintaining a healthy diet, participating in regular physical activity and keeping stress levels at a minimum.