In: Nursing
1. List 5 of circulatory disturbances
2. An ATU student suffered organ failure due to hypoxia. A cascade of circulatory disturbances led to hypoxia; embolism, thrombosis, endothelial cell injury, infarction, hypoxia.
3 .Arrange these circulatory disturbances as 1 event leading to the other and explain how they happen.
Ans. 1 disturbances of circulatory
Hyperaemia : an excess of blood in the vessels supplying an organ or other part of the body.
Odema : When the heart weakens and pumps blood less effectively, fluid can slowly build up, creating leg edema. If fluid builds up quickly, you can get fluid in the lungs. If your heart failure is on the right side of your heart, edema can develop in the abdomen.
Shock : Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system. Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst.
Thrombosis : Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
Embolism : An embolism can cause partial or total blockage of blood flow in the affected vessel. Such a blockage (a vascular occlusion) may affect a part of the body distant from the origin of the embolus. An embolism in which the embolus is a piece of thrombus is called a thromboembolism
Infarction : A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, happens when blood flow to heart tissue is obstructed. This can occur from a buildup of plaque in the walls of coronary arteries (as in coronary artery disease). Because oxygenated blood cannot reach part of the heart muscle that muscle dies or is damaged.
Ans 3. Due to Endothelial cell injury , leads to embolism formation or thrombosis , embolism results infarction then hypoxia because of movement but thrombus forms hypoxia because it causes obstruction.
When any kind of injury occurs to the cell mainly to Endothelial cells. The blood supply to the particular area is affected that causes main circulatory problem for the human body. The injury leads to the formation of embolism and thrombosis of that blood vessel and blood flow decreases. It is clear that embolism is moving in the blood vessel, when injury occurs affect blood flows and pressure and stuck to any of the vessel and cause circulatory collapse and results in deficient oxygen flow to that particular tissues. Whereas, thrombus is not moving and obstruct the blood vessels and cause hypoxia which results in infarction .this the mechanism that affects the circulatory system of the body.