Question

question 1
a)   phc (primary health care centers)in indian rural areas explain briefly
b) chc (community health centers ) in indian rural areas explain briefly
c) sc (, sub centers) in indiab rural areas explain briefly

Answer 1

Health care system is a system which provides accessibility to medical facilities to the citizens of a country with a view to give them better health conditions for living. It comprises of regulatory bodies like Medical Council Of India in India, medical staff, mechinaries, equipmemts, technicians etc. to cure various diseases and perform complex medical tasks like operations. Health care system enables the patients to get treatment for their diseases.

In India, the majority of population resides in rural areas. About 700 million people reside in rural ares of India. Rural areas in India lack good medical care facilities because of lack of hospitals, medical staff, necessary machines and equipments. This deprives the people living in rural areas of good health care facilities which they deserve. So, to provide quality health care facilities a three tier health-care system has been built by the governmemt of India as per the population of the rural area named :

a. Sub centres

b. Primary health centres

c. Community health centres

These centres aim to improve health care system in rural India.

The explanation of the above mentioned health centres is as follows:

A. Primary Health Centres(PHC'S)

It is the first point of contact between the village community amd the medical officer. It is established in those areas having a population of more than 30,000 in plain areas and 20,000 in hilly areas. It is established to provide curative and preventive health care services to treat the wide spread of diseases among villagers. PHC'S are maintained by state governmemt under minimum needs programme. It provides to maintain a staff of 14 paramedical officers and other staff. It also provides for two additional staff nurses. It acts as referral unit for 6 Sub-Centres and provides 4-6 beds for patients. It provides only preventive, curative and family welfare services. There were about 25,650 PHC'S in India on 31 march 2017. PHC'S has helped to improve the community health effectively.

2. Community Health Centres(CHC'S)

A CHC acts as a contact point between the medical officers and the community as whole with complex medical facilities like surgeries etc. A CHC is established in an areas having population of 120,000 in plain areas and 80,000 in hilly areas. It is maintained by State government under minimum needs programme. It acts as a referral unit for 4 PHC'S. As per minimum requirememts a CHC is required to maintain 4 specialists i.e. surgeon, physician, periatrician, gynecologist with 21 other paramedical staff and other staff. It has 30 beds for patients alongwith OT, X-ray, labour room and other laboratory facilities. It provides preventive, curative, family welfare services as well as complex medical tasks like operations, labour facilities etc. There were about 5,624 CHC'S in India on 31 march 2017. CHC'S has helped to imrove the health conditions by preventing the spread of community transmissions and complex medical aids. CHC'S has performed remarkably.

3. Sub Centres

It is the primary and the foremost contact point between the health care system and the community. It is established in areas having population of 5,000 in plain areas and 3,000 in hilly areas. It is assigned the task of providing interpersonal communication amd services regarding maternal and child care, family welfare and nutrition, immunization, diarrhoea control and control of other communicable diseases. It is managed by Auxiliary Nurse Midwife(ANM) i.e. female health worker and one male health worker. Under National Rural Health Mission, there is a provision of one additional ANM on contract basis. One Lady Health Visitor(LHV) is given the task of supervision of six sub centres. The salary of ANM and LHV is borne by central government and male health worker by state government. Thus, it is run by the participation of both centre and state governments. There were about 156,231 Sub centre in India on 31 march 2017. Sub centre has improved the health care system of India by working at grass root level.

Thus, these are the three levels that work in improving the rural health care system in India.