What happened in Fort Mose and descrive what took place there
and why it was an...
What happened in Fort Mose and descrive what took place there
and why it was an important episode in American History?
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Established in 1738, Fort Mose was the first free black
settlement in what is now the United States. Located just north of
St. Augustine, Florida, Fort Mose played an important role in the
development of colonial North America.
As Great Britain, France, Spain and other European nations
competed for control of the New World and its wealth they all in
varying ways came to rely on African labor to develop their
overseas colonial possessions.
Exploiting its proximity to plantations in the British colonies
in North America and the West Indies, King Charles II of Spain
issued the Edict of 1693 which stated that any male slave on an
English plantation who escaped to Spanish Florida would be granted
freedom provided he joined the Militia and became a Catholic. This
edict became one of the New World’s earliest emancipation
proclamations.
By 1738 there were 100 blacks, mostly runaways from the
Carolinas, living in what became Fort Mose.
Many were skilled workers, blacksmiths, carpenters, cattlemen,
boatmen, and farmers. With accompanying women and children, they
created a colony of freed people that ultimately attracted other
fugitive slaves.
When war broke out in 1740 between England and Spain, the
people of St. Augustine and nearby Fort Mose found themselves
involved in a conflict that stretched across three continents. The
English sent thousands of soldiers and dozens of ships to destroy
St. Augustine and bring back any runaways.
They set up a blockade and bombarded the town for 27
consecutive days. Hopelessly outnumbered, the diverse population of
blacks, Indians and whites pulled together.
Fort Mose was one of the first places attacked. Lead by Captain
Francisco Menendez, the men of the Fort Mose Militia briefly lost
the Fort but eventually recaptured it, repelling the English
invasion force.
It was not until 1752 when the Spanish rebuilt Fort Mose that
it was re-opened. A newly escaped Menendez took his position as
captain, and once again, led the new settlers of Fort Mose.
In 1763, Menendez loaded 48 freed slaves on the Our Lady of
Sorrows ship headed to Cuba, where they settled in a town near
Havana.The settlement known as Fort Mose is now a historical
landmark.
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