Question

In: Nursing

QUES : To ensure accurate results for a fasting blood glucose level, samples are collected: Select...

QUES : To ensure accurate results for a fasting blood glucose level, samples are collected:

Select one:

a. after fasting for 12 – 24 hours

b. after fasting for 8-12 hours

c. two hours after a meal

d. after consuming 75 grams of a glucose solution

QUES : Type 2 diabetes is more common in young people and results from insulin deficiency.

Select one:

True

False

QUES : People with type 2 diabetes are classified as type 1 once they require insulin to control blood glucose levels

Select one:

True

False

QUES : Which of the following scenarios would confirm a diagnosis of diabetes?

Select one:

a. The person has clinical symptoms of diabetes and a random venous plasma blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L

b. The person has symptoms of thirst, polyuria and a fasting blood glucose level of 6.9 mmol/L

c. The person has an HbA1c result of 5.3 %/34 mmol/mol

d. One random BGL of 15.0 mmol/L measured by capillary blood sample at the local GP clinic

Solutions

Expert Solution

Ques 1

Answer-B

A blood test taken in the morning before you eat anything is a more accurate test. Do not eat or drink anything except water for 8-10 hours before a fasting blood glucose test. Alevel of 7.0 mmol/L or more indicates that you have diabetes.

Ques 2

Answer- false

People who are middle-aged or older aremost likely to get this kind of diabetes, so it used to be called adult-onset diabetes. Buttype 2 diabetes also affects kids and teens, mainly because of childhood obesity. It's themost common type of diabetes. There are about 29 million people in the U.S. with type

You can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. However,type 2 diabetes occurs mostoften in middle-aged and older people. You are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you are age 45 or older, have a family history of diabetes, or are overweight or obese.

Ques 3

Answer- false

It is not possible for type 2 diabetes to turn into type 1 diabetes.
However, a person who originally receives a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes may still get a separate diagnosis of type 1 at a later date.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type, so a doctor might initially suspect that an adult with diabetes has type 2. Type 1 diabetes most often develops when a person is younger, although it can occur in people of any age.

One persistent myth of diabetes is that people with type 2 diabetes can develop type 1 diabetes when they take insulin, but this is not true.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes have many features in common, including problems with glucose control. However, the two conditions are distinct, and one does not transform into the other over time.

Ques 4

Answer- A

Diagnosis

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes often appear suddenly and are often the reason for checking blood sugar levels. Because symptoms of other types of diabetes and prediabetes come on more gradually or may not be evident, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recommended screening guidelines. The ADA recommends that the following people be screened for diabetes:

Anyone with a body mass index higher than 25 (23 for Asian-Americans), regardless of age,who has additional risk factors, such as high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, a sedentary lifestyle, a history of polycystic ovary syndrome or heart disease, and having a close relative with diabetes.

Anyone older than age 45 is advised to receive an initial blood sugar screening, and then, if the results are normal, to be screened every three years thereafter.

Any woman who has had gestational diabetes, is advised to be screened for diabetes every three years.

Anyone who has been diagnosed with prediabetes is advised to be tested every year.

Tests for type 1 and type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test, which doesn't require fasting, indicates your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. It measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
The higher your blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin you'll have with sugar attached. An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate tests indicates that you have diabetes. An A1C between 5.7 and 6.4 percent indicates prediabetes. Below 5.7 is considered normal.

If the A1C test results aren't consistent, the test isn't available, or you have certain conditions that can make the A1C test inaccurate — such as if you're pregnant or have an uncommon form of hemoglobin (known as a hemoglobin variant) — your doctor may use the following tests to diagnose diabetes:

Random blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken at a random time. Regardless of when you last ate, a random blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) — 11.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) — or higher suggests diabetes.

Fasting blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken after an overnight fast. A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it's 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes.

Oral glucose tolerance test. For this test, you fast overnight, and the fasting blood sugar level is measured. Then you drink a sugary liquid, and blood sugar levels are tested periodically for the next two hours.
A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal. A reading of more than 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after two hours indicates diabetes. A reading between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L) indicates prediabetes.

If type 1 diabetes is suspected, your urine will be tested to look for the presence of a byproduct produced when muscle and fat tissue are used for energy because the body doesn't have enough insulin to use the available glucose (ketones). Your doctor will also likely run a test to see if you have the destructive immune system cells associated with type 1 diabetes called autoantibodies.


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