Question

Lou Barlow, a divisional manager for Sage Company, has an opportunity to manufacture and sell one of two new products for a five-year period. His annual pay raises are determined by his division’s return on investment (ROI), which has exceeded 23% each of the last three years. He has computed the cost and revenue estimates for each product as follows:

	Product A			Product B
Initial investment:
Cost of equipment (zero salvage value)	$	300,000		$	500,000
Annual revenues and costs:
Sales revenues	$	350,000		$	450,000
Variable expenses	$	160,000		$	210,000
Depreciation expense	$	60,000		$	100,000
Fixed out-of-pocket operating costs	$	80,000		$	61,000

The company’s discount rate is 16%.

1. Calculate the net present value for each product.

2. Calculate the internal rate of return for each product.

3. Calculate the project profitability index for each product.

4. Calculate the simple rate of return for each product.

Answer 1

Solution 1:
	Computation of Annual cash inflows
	Particulars	Product A	Product B
	Sales revenue	$350,000	$450,000
	Variable expenses	$160,000	$210,000
	Fixed Out of pocket operating cost	$80,000	$61,000
	Annual cash inflows	$110,000	$179,000

Computation of NPV
			Product A	Product B
Particulars	Period	PV Factor (18%)	Amount	Present Value	Amount	Present Value
Cash outflows:
Initial investment	0	1	$300,000	$300,000	$500,000	$500,000
Present Value of Cash outflows (A)				$300,000		$500,000
Cash Inflows
Annual cash inflows	1-5	3.274	$110,000	$360,140	$179,000	$586,046
Present Value of Cash Inflows (B)				$360,140		$586,046
Net Present Value (NPV) (B-A)				$60,140		$86,046

Solution 2:

Computation of IRR
	Project A		Project B
Period	Cash flows	IRR	Cash flows	IRR
0	-$300,000	24.3%	-$500,000	23.2%
1	$110,000	$179,000
2	$110,000	$179,000
3	$110,000	$179,000
4	$110,000	$179,000
5	$110,000	$179,000

Solution 3:

Computation of Profitability Index
Particulars	Product A	Product B
Net present value	$60,140	$86,046
Initial investment	$300,000	$500,000
Profitability Index (PV of cash inflows / Initial investment)	0.20	0.17

Solution 4:

	Computation of Annual Operating income
	Particulars	Product A	Product B
	Annual cash inflows	$110,000	$179,000
	Less: depreciation	$60,000	$100,000
	Annual operating income	$50,000	$79,000
Simple rate of return
Particulars	Choose Numerator	/	Choose Denominator	=	Simple rate of return
	Annual operating income	/	Initial investment	=	Simple rate of return
Product A	$50,000	/	$300,000	=	16.7%
Product B	$79,000	/	$500,000	=	15.8%