Question

1. For20s 50s ,70s women, indicate appropriate preventive measures or lifestyle modifications that could aid in the prevention of osteoporosis.

Answer 1

Answer:

Osteoporosis is a bone disease in which the bones become weak and causes loss of bone density and it leads to increase chances of fractures even with falling, bending over while stretching or coughing. Usually fractures frequently  seen in body parts of Hip, wrist or spine.

-- Osteoporosis developing chances are greater in women than men because the changes happen due to Menopause in women.

--Malabsorption of Calcium develops into Secondary HyperParathyroidism that causes increase bone resorption leads to more bone loss in women.

Osteoporosis preventive measures or Lifestyle modificatiions for women in 20s, 50s and 70s:

-Women in 20s has advantage that they can strengthen bones and reduce the risk of Osteoporosis. Physical activities like exercise with free weights at gym or Yoga or running can helps to improve bone strength. especially, Jumping exercises helps mostly to improve Bone density in hip during women in 20s in their Premenopause.

---Women in 20s must take calcium and vitamin-D rich foods in daily food intake to improve the strength of bones.Calcium rich foods like milk, yogurt, almonds, oranges and vitamin-D rich foods like Salmon, eggs, cereals .

---other foods like Bananas which has Potassium helps to increase bone strength by reducing bone resorption, Prunes which has Vitamin K increases bone health and Olive oil helps in the prevention of Bone loss.

--women in 20s mostly maintain diet to loss weight without awareness of consequences and women who are Underweight great at risk of developing Osteoporosis at earlier age. so maintain Healthy weight according their age reduces the risk.

--- women who have irregular periods also has chance to develop osteoporosis because Estrogen is related to Bone density so immediatly consult physician and also do exercises to loss weight.

---- women in 50s , 70s like to use more medications for chronical health problems leads to impairement of Calcium absorption in their bodies.

-women who smokes has more chance to develop Osteoporosis due to smoking can reduce levels of estrogen and leads to reduce calcium absorption from diets.so smoking should stop to reduce the risk.

--regular Alcohol consumption causes Skeleton damage leads to more loss of bone and more chances to fractures due to falling. Alcohol intake should avoided.

--Medications: The medications should use to slow or stop bone loss and helps in the increase bone density which reduces risk of Fractures. Because women who use long term medications of Glucocorticoids in patients of asthma, arthritis etc. results in the  loss of density and causes  fracture. Also the long term treatment with Antiseizure drugs and certain cancer treatment etc.. causes more bone loss.

Therapeutic medication used for preventing Osteoporosis like

--Bisphosphonates , Calcitonin, Estrogen for hormone therapy, Parathyroid hormone analog, Parathyroid hormone related protein analog, Tissue selective estrogen complex , Estrogen agonists or antagonists used.

-- Preventing falls:

Fall prevention is major concern in women with Osteoporosis. Especially, in women 50s or 70s , falls mostly due to impaired vision or balance and any physical changes. The following lifestyle modifications helps to prevent falls in Osteoporosis in women are: :

--when walking using cane or walker and wear rubber soled shoes for traction to prevent falling.

--when sidewalks are slippery then should walk on grass in outdoors

when staying at home should take:

-- keep floor surfaces clean and smooth and clear slippery places, make sure to have carpets and area rugs are skid proof , stairwells should have handrails on both sides,

--make sure to have grab bars on bathroom walls near shower, tub, toilet to avoid falling when person stands,

--make sure to use stepstool for places which are hard to reach .