Question

describe spontaneous process as related to thermodynamics. please use a minimum of 150 words.

Answer 1

SPONTANEOUS PROCESS : All natural occuring process (without help of external factors like force )we see in our day to day life are spontaneous .

EXAMPLE: evaporation of water when placed in a bowl or cup etc, flow of anything from a region of higher concerntration to lower concerntration like (flow of water from down a hill,flow of heat from hot end to cold end or from hot body to cold body , spreading of a drop of ink in water , dissolution of sugar water at room temperature etc)

These process are feasible , irreversible, under some condition take place by itself , independent of rate is called spontaneous process .Without the help of external force these process cannot be reversed , these reaction are accompanied by a net increase of entropy it means S (entropy) = positive for these processs.

A process is spontaneous : the example given above can be explain by these points

1) to have minimum energy : heat flows from hot body to cold body to have minimum energy (heat)

2) to have maximum randomness : evaporation of water takes place because the gaseous water molecule are more random then water molecule .

• spontaneous process are accompanied by increase in randomness .(melting of ice :- liquid state is more random than solid state ).

hence we can say in order to accquire stability the spontaneus process tends to have minimum energy

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