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1) Describe the basic characteristics of bacteria. 2) Describe the components of the following cell walls,...

1) Describe the basic characteristics of bacteria. 2) Describe the components of the following cell walls, including the size of the peptidoglycan layer and fully describe any unique components of the cell wall: a. Gram positive b. Gram negative c. Acid-fast 3) What is an endotoxin? What are the effects of endotoxin? 4) Name examples of wall-deficient bacteria. How do they survive without a cell wall? 5) Describe the following bacterial shapes: a. Coccus b. Coccobacillus c. Vibrio d. Bacillus e. Spirillum f. Spirochete 6) Define “halophile.

Solutions

Expert Solution

1)  Basic characteristics of bacteria.

  • Single-celled organisms
  • Spherical, spiral or rod-shaped organisms
  • Bacterial cells lack organelles.
  • Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus.
  • They have a peptidoglycan cell wall

2) a. Gram-positive

Size of the peptidoglycan layer - 30 - 100 nanometers thick and has more layers.

Unique components of the cell wall

  • The peptide chains seen in Gram-positive bacteria are extremely cross-linked with bridges.

b. Gram-negative

Size of the peptidoglycan layer - 10 nanometer-thin and has only one layer of peptidoglycan.

Unique components of the cell wall

  • The peptide chains seen in Gram-negative bacteria are partly cross-linked.

c. Acid-fast

Size of the peptidoglycan layer - 30 - 100 nanometers thick as they are gram-positive.

Unique components of the cell wall

  • The cell wall of acid-fast bacteria has a thick, outer lipid-rich layer covered by Mycolic Acid which is a fatty acid.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago
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