Question

A 67-year-old man presents to the HCP with chief complaint of tremors in his arms. He also has noticed some tremors in his leg as well. The patient is accompanied by his son, who says that his father has become “stiff” and it takes him much longer to perform simple tasks. The son also relates that his father needs help rising from his chair. Physical assessment demonstrates tremors in the hands at rest and fingers exhibit “pill rolling” movement. The patient’s face is not mobile and exhibits a mask-like appearance. His gait is uneven, and he shuffles when he walks and his head/neck, hips, and knees are flexed forward. He exhibits jerky or cogwheeling movement. The patient states that he has episodes of extreme sweating and flushing not associated with activity. Laboratory data unremarkable and the HCP has diagnosed the patient with Parkinson’s Disease.

What neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms. Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. How these processes interact to affect the patient.

Answer 1

Answer = In this above statement the patient is suffered from Parkinson Disease.

* Parkinson disease = A degennerative disorder of Central nervous system caused by depletion or deficiency of dopamine in the brain ( substantia nigra neuron ) which resulting in a dysfunction of extrapyramidal symptoms such as Body movement control, regulate and conditioning.

* Traid of menifestation of parkinson disease =

Tremor + Rigidity + Bradykinesia ( movement decrese )

* Activity of daily living = compromised , self limited, Dependency increse.

* Cause = Idiopathic, autoummune, Hereditory, family history, Brain stem cell affect .

* Pathophysiology of Parkinson disease =

Due to etiological factor ( Idiopathic, Autoimmune, hereditory)

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Brain stem cells affect or drugs such as metochlorpramide and Antipsychotic drugs use

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Structural damage of substantia nigra or depletion of dopamine

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Extrapyramidal symptoms affect

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Inhibition of excitatory impulse may be affected

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Regulation, control, conditioning, of movements may be affected

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Traid of symptoms - tremor, rigidity, bradycardia.

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ADL affect

* The many physiological impact seen in parkinson patient =

* Tremor ( Shacking of extrimities ) , * Pill rolling tremor in resting condition , decrese with activity and sleep.

* Bradykinesia - slowness of movement..

* Robotic movement, Shuffling steps during walking.

* Propulsive gait, Monotonus speech,

* Progressive smaller words- stiffness

* Rigidity of body joints - stooped posture .

* Mask like face and drooling of saliva.

so we can say in parkinson disease the patient impact physiologically hence.