Question

Scenario 3: 67-year-old female presents with chief complaint of shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, unintentional weight loss, and mild numbness in her feet. She states she feels unsteady when she walks. PMH includes hypothyroidism well controlled on Synthroid 100 mcg/day. No hx of HTN or CHF. Vital signs: Temp 98.7 F, pulse 118, Respirations 22, BP 108/64, PaO2 95% on room air. Physical exam revealed pale, anxious female appearing older than stated years. HEENT- pale conjunctiva of eyes and pale palate. Tongue beefy red and slightly swollen with loss of normal rugae. Turbinates pale but no swelling. Thyroid palpable but no nodules felt. No lymph nodes palpated. Cardiac-regular rate and rhythm with soft II/VI systolic murmur. Respiratory- lungs clear with no adventitious breath sounds. Abdomen-soft, non-tender with positive bowel sounds. Liver edge palpated two finger breadths below right costal margin. Lab data- hgb, hct, reticulocyte count, serum B12 levels low, mean corpuscle volume, plasma iron, and ferritin levels high, folate, TIBC are normal.

explain the following:

• The factors that affect fertility (STDs).
• Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID.
• Why prostatitis and infection happens. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction.
• Why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP.
• Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic).

Answer 1

1.many factors affecting fertility. They are

Age: As age increases, the chance for infertilty increases.

Weight: normal weight is essential for infertilty. Overweight causes infertilty mostly.

Balanced diet:Balanced diet also affects in fertility.

Habits: avoidance of habits like smot, alcohol, drugs etc important. These are some factors only. Sexual transmitted disease also have major affects in infertilty. How means

Chlamidia, gonorrhea like infections causes pelvic inflammatory diseases. So as a result it will cause sperm count, as well as improper functioning of uterus also. It will causes infertilty.

Chlamidia infection causes reduce in sperm count, and infection in fallopian tube also. These are the factors affecting fertility.

2.In STD / PID infection of the female genital tract affects. Infection always causes inflammation. Untreated PID, causes scar tissue and pocket like structures in uterus. It leads to permanently damage of uterus. So due to scar and pocket like structures inflammatory marks seen in these conditions.

3.Prostitis is the infection of the prostate. In male genital tract. It is bacterial infection, and bacteria enters to prostate by leaking from urine.

Systemic reaction is the, spreading of infection from one organ to another part if the body. Do in case of male genital tract, the infection from prostate spread to other parts of male genital tract.

4.Spleenectomy is the removal spleen. In idiopatic thrombocytopenic purpura, the immune system treats platelets as foreign body

So in this case platelets destroying by immune system. Here spleen removes damaged platelets. So by removing spleen, more platelets can circulates through blood.

5.Anemia: is a condition in which blood not have enough RBC.

Macrolytic anemia, in which blood contain large RBC,but it have low Haemoglobin.

Microcytic anemia, in which body and organs not getting adequate amount of oxygen, because blood not have enough RBC.