Question

the first sentence defining the term and the second speaking to why it is significant. could some one answers these terms.

16. Social safety net
17. Hard power
18. Soft power
19. Multilateralism
20. Unilateralism

Answer 1

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Question:

Answer:

16). Answer:

Social safety net:

Social safety net is related to social Welfare or well being of society. Social welfare services provided by a community of individuals at the state and local levels These services are geared toward eliminating poverty in a specific area. These services may include housing re-assignment, job placement, subsidies for household bills, and other cash equivalents for food. Social safety net works in conjunction with a number of other poverty reduction programs with the primary goal of reducing/preventing poverty.
The Social Safety Net of the United States is made up of various Welfare Programs to protect low-income Americans from poverty and hardship. In other words, low-income Americans get the benefits for free - they don't have to contribute into the programs to receive benefits.

Example: the United States, prominent safety net programs include Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the earned income tax credit (EITC), Medicaid, and the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Benefits: It is vital to protect the poor people and help them to eliminating poverty and grow in their lives. Its help in the balance growth of the society and minimizing the income inequality in the society.

17). Answer:

Hard power:

Hard Power describes a nation or political body's ability to use economic incentives or military strength to influence other actors' behaviour. In this way it is the ability to use the carrots and sticks of economic and military might to make others follow your will It relies on a measure of power propounded by the realist school in international relations theory. In the realist school, power is linked with the possession of certain tangible resources, including population, territory, natural resources, economic and military strength, among others. Hard power is defined by the use of such resources to spur the behavior of other entities.

Examples: Like NATO as a military alliances, USA military action in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Vietnam etc, EU etc is the example of Hard power.

Benefits:

Hard power encompasses a wide range of coercive policies, such as coercive diplomacy, economic sanctions, military action, and the forming of military alliances for deterrence and mutual defense. Hard power can be used to establish or change a state of political hegemony or balance of power. You can see it in Gulf war, USA-China tension, India-Pakistan tension. You can also see it in an alliance between USA-Pakistan to control the situation in Asia.

18). Answer:

Soft power:

In politics (and particularly in international politics), soft power is the ability to attract and co-opt, rather than coerce (contrast hard power). A defining feature of soft power is that it is non-coercive; the currency of soft power includes culture, political values, and foreign policies. This is opposite of the hard power and most useful tool to use in international politics. There are numbers of alliances, organizations and treaties are the proof of it. World is promoting soft power to derive the international politics. It became more popular after world war-2.

Example: A presidential visit to a country is an example of soft power as are trade concessions or economic embargoes. Diplomacy and economic tools are most often associated with soft power but the role of information and intelligence should not be ignored.

Benefits:

We have discussed above about its importance. Its most important benefits is- its encourage, promote and support to a peaceful global political environment. Countries comes together and solve their problem with mutual alliance rather than use of hard power. The also exchange their idea, technologies, culture and values with each others.Soft power is a staple of daily democratic politics. The ability to establish preferences tends to be associated with intangible assets such as an attractive personality, culture, political values and institutions, and policies that are seen as legitimate or having moral authority. We are living in democratic globalized world and now world is flat. World is following the neo-Capitalism free market policy so, we can success in this world until we work together with mutual alliance and to supportive nature.

19). Answer:

Multilateralism:

It is vital and very popular concept of international politics. Its refers to an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal. Multilateralism is when at least three governments participate in a particular issue or to try to solve a problem. Multilateralism is an example of cooperation among world governments and used in contrast with unilateralism. Unilateralism is when a state acts without regard to the support or interests of other states.

Example: NATO, EU, WTO, G-7, G-20 etc

Benefits:

Countries comes together and solve their problem with mutual alliance. The also exchange their idea, technologies, culture and values with each others. We are living in democratic globalized world and now world is flat. World is following the neo-Capitalism free market policy so, we can success in this world until we work together with mutual alliance and to supportive nature. By Multilateralism countries come together and fulfill their economic, political or social goals and help each other.

20). Answer:

Unilateralism:

Unilateralism is the process of acting, reaching a decision, or espousing a principle unilaterally. When a country uses unilateralism, it refuses to involve other nations in its foreign affairs. If a government wages war on a neighboring country without the advice of any outside groups, allies, or nearby countries, it's adopting a policy of unilateralism.

Benefits:

It is vital to protect the right of a nation as a nation/state. It is also useful to solve the internal matter of a nation. Its also useful to safeguard the sovereignty of a country. In these cases the country take the decision itself Without external Interference or advice. Its boost the decision making capacity and also protect the liberty of decision makings. In most of the cases like, civil war, economic crisis, internal political crisis , riots etc government takes the decision itself.

Every country use these all the tools of international politics according to the situation. Example- US-Pak Treaty, USA provides aids to the Pakistan to fight with terrorism and development (example of soft power), and few years ago US use force to kill the most wanted terror Osama Bin Laden (example of hard power), PAK and USA both are member of WTO (example of Multilateralism), But US or PAK take internal decision individually ( example of Unilateralism) .

Thank You