Outline the steps of the ribosome cycle. At what stage do the ribosomal subunits bind to...

Outline the steps of the ribosome cycle. At what stage do the ribosomal subunits bind to each other? To mRNA? What causes them to dissociate when protein synthesis is complete?

Expert Solution

1. Ribosome cycle:

a. Pre-initiation complex = small subunit, initiator tRNA on mRNA
b. Initiation complex = large subunit added
c. Elongation = aminoacyl-tRNA added, lengthen polypeptide
d. Termination = polypeptide exits into tertiary structure, ribosome disassembles

2. During initiation complex formation, the large ribosomal subunit binds to the small subunit to complete the initiation complex.

3. During pre-initiation complex formation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the start of the mRNA sequence and then to the initiator tRNA to form the pre-initiation complex.

4. The post-termination complex formed by the end of the termination step consists of mRNA with the termination codon at the A-site, an uncharged tRNA in the P site, and the intact 70S ribosome. Ribosome recycling step is responsible for the disassembly of the post-termination ribosomal complex.

Once the nascent protein is released in termination, Ribosome Recycling Factor and Elongation Factor G (EF-G) function to release mRNA and tRNAs from ribosomes and dissociate the 70S ribosome into the 30S and 50S subunits.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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