Question

Describe the process of translation. Be sure to include the EPA sites, codons, tRNA, and the ribosomal subunits in your description. Do you think this is the most efficient way of creating a protein?

Answer 1

Translation is a universal process in biology where a protein formed of amino acids is made by using messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to dictate the order of amino acids. Following transcription, an mRNA strand leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm via the nuclear pore. Here it is recognized and becomes attached to biological structures called ribosomes forming a 'polysome'. Each ribosome attached to an mRNA strand will create a separate polypeptide. The bases are read in non-overlapping 3s (a codon) by the ribosome. This is the 'triplet code'. Once mRNA has become attached the start codon is held in the peptidyl (P) site and the next codon in the aminoacyl (A) site. There is also an exit (E) site located on the other side of the P site. Synthesis occurs in a 5' to 3' direction of mRNA.For amino acids to attach they are first conjugated (bonded) to a specific transfer RNA (tRNA), each tRNA has an anticodon which is complementary to a codon in the mRNA. The tRNA and mRNA are matched by codon to anticodon hydrogen bonding. This causes the conjugated amino acid to be positioned so it can be bonded to the previous amino acid by a peptide bond. The start codon, thus the first amino acid in a peptide is usually methionine.

Yes, you can opt this as the best way to create protein. Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation