Question

Patients were asked 10 questions: if they knew their discharge instructions, if they had filled their medication prescriptions, if they had started taking the medications as ordered, if they were following orders regarding activity levels, and if they were eating as instructed. The data collectors talked at length about each of these issues with each patient.

11. The patients had a right to refuse to answer the callers’ questions. This is an example of which ethical principle?

            a. the principle of respect

            b. the principle of beneficence

            c. the principle of justice

12. Patients were told that they could decide not to answer questions, even if they had already answered some of them. This is an example of which ethical principle?

            a. the principle of respect

            b. the principle of beneficence

            c. the principle of justice

13. Data collectors protected the identity of the patients by giving each one a code and keeping personal information in a separate file. This is an example of:

            a. anonymity

            b. confidentiality

14. Which method of data analysis did Dr. Intellectual use to analysis the data (as described in Question 10)?

            a. frequency distribution

            b. Pearson’s r

            c. chi square

            d. t test

Q10 just for reference If the patient was taking all of their medications as ordered, the data collector gave the patient a “3.” If the patient was taking most of the medications ordered, the data collector gave the patient a “2.” If the patient was taking few of the medications ordered, the patient was rated as “1.” What level of measurement is this? This is ordinal data.

Please answer 11-14.

Please provide the correct answers and explanation along it as why that is correct and others are wrong

Answer 1

11.

a. the principle of respect

By definition, the principle of respect for persons underlies the need to obtain informed consent; the principle of beneficence underlies the need to engage in a risk/benefit analysis and to minimize risks; and the principle of justice requires that subjects be fairly selected. Hence option a is correct.

12.

a. the principle of respect

Respect for Persons. Required by the moral principle of respect for persons , informed consent contains three elements: information, comprehension, and voluntariness. First, subjects must be given sufficient information on which to decide whether or not to participate, including the research procedure(s), their purposes, risks and anticipated benefits, alternative procedures (where therapy is involved), and a statement offering the subject the opportunity to ask questions and to withdraw at any time from the research. Hence option a is the correct answer.

13.

b. confidentiality

Confidentiality refers to a condition in which the researcher knows the identity of a research subject, but takes steps to protect that identity from being discovered by others. Anonymity is a condition in which the identity of individual subjects is not known to researchers. Hence option b is the correct answer.

14.

c. chi-square

The Chi Square statistic is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables. The null hypothesis of the Chi-Square test is that no relationship exists on the categorical variables in the population; they are independent.

Hopefully this will help you. In case of any query, do comment. Thanks