Question 5. (twenty marks)
(a) How does the ‘law of small numbers’ affect the
interpretation of data? (six marks, maximum 100 words)
(b) Two alternatives to buffer against psychological frailties
in the interpretation of data are • use of a specified p-value for
the Type I error rate (typically 0.05), or • routine use of
confidence intervals. Which of these two alternatives is better in
your opinion? Why? (twelve marks, maximum 250 words)
(c) A p-value is the probability of...