Question

5. Please explain how the following contributes to digestion

1) Esophageal Sphincter –

2) Microvilli of the Small Intestine –

3) Enzymes -

4) Stomach acid -

5) Sodium bicarbonate –

6) Thick mucus layer of the stomach –

7) Common Bile Duct of the small intestine –

8) Bile Salts -

6. Please describe why this is the major site of digestion and absorption.

What organs are feeding into the small intestine? Please label each

How does each organ contribute to the breakdown of food?

A.)

B.)

C.)

D.)

7. Humans are made up of atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Please explain how nutrition plays a role at each of these levels of organization:

Answer 1

5: (1) - Esophageal sphicter - It is present at where the oesophagus opens into stomach. It helps to prevent the back flow of food from stomach to oesophagus.

(2)- Microvilli of the small intestine- These are finger like folding present in the small intestine which increases the surface area and helps in the maximum absorption.

(3)- Enzymes- Enzymes help in the breakdown of the complex molecule into simpler one so that they can easily be absorbed.

(4)- Stomach acid- Glandular cells of stomach releases gastric juice which is highly acidic in Nature due to the presence of HCL. This Stomach acid play its role in the action of activating proteolytic enzyme such as pepsinogen so that proteins get further digested.

(5) Sodium bicarbonate- This provide the alkaline medium to the enzymes which can work only in alkaline pH such as pancreatic juice and intestinal which contain a number of enzymes.

(6) Thick mucous layer of the stomach- This layer secrete mucous so that stomach lining remains protected from the acidic juice.

(7)- Common bike duct of small intestine- It pours pancreatic juice from the pancreas and bile juice coming from the liver to intestine that too mainly in Duodenum region.

(8)- Bile salts- Bile salt help in the emulsification of fat. This makes lipase to work more efficiently on lipid molecules or fat. They also helps in the absorption of vitamins and minerals.

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