The number of traffic lights malfunctioning daily in any city
can be said to satisfy the binomial distribution. However, the rate
at which “successes” (traffic lights malfunctioning) and “failures”
(traffic lights not malfunctioning) occurs nearly instantaneously,
with nearly nonzero probability, such that the expected value
approaches a constant. It is known that the second moments (E[X2])
of the number of daily malfunctioning traffic lights in
Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Erie respectively are 72, 56, and 42.
The malfunctioning of traffic lights...