Question

Section A

1. Explain what happens to the pH paper in each of the following cases, and whether the substance is acid or base.

(a) Dry pH paper, household ammonia

(b) Moist pH paper, household ammonia

(c) Bleach

(d) Ammonium carbonate

2. Why are most cleaning agents and detergents basic?

Section B

3. What happens when you mix baking soda with vinegar? Describe your observations and write a balanced chemical equation to explain them.

4. What do you think would happen if you mixed the baking soda with concentrated sulfuric acid instead? What differences would you expect and why? Write and explain a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

Section C

5. Do you see a trend in the periodic table that is related to the trend in the conductivity measurements? Explain why this trend occurs.

Section D

8. Explain your observations for Na vs. Ca in water. Write properly balanced chemical equations for the reactions, and explain the differences in your observations between the two elements based on their locations on the periodic table.

Section E

9. Explain how your observations relate to the positions of each element in the periodic table.

Section F

10. Explain how the reactivity with acid relate to the location of each substance on the periodic table.

Thank you so much!!!! :)

Answer 1

Explain what happens to the pH paper in each of the following cases, and whether the substance is acid or base.

(a) Dry pH paper, household ammonia-Basic It turns blue

(b) Moist pH paper, household ammonia-Basic it turns blue

(c) Bleach-it turns blue it is basic

(d) Ammonium carbonate-it is basic

2.

The pH of a cleaning product does not signify cleaning performance or strength. It simply indicates the concentration of hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

The pH reading measures "intensity" not capacity. pH indicates the concentration of acidity or alkalinity in the same way temperature tells how hot or cold something is, not how much heat the substance can carry.

For instance, the performance of a cleaning product cannot be determined simply by knowing the pH of the product. A common misconception about cleaning products suggests that a higher pH means superior cleaning.

What really happens in cleaning is that one is attempting to "neutralize" the impact of the acidic or the alkaline ions.

When a surface requires cleaning, the selection and use of the proper cleaning product results in the surface being cleaned or neutralized.

Most soils are acidic in nature, therefore it is desirable to formulate cleaning agents on the alkaline side of the pH scale.

Alkaline detergents neutralize acid soil, allowing the cleaner to produce more efficient and effective results.