Question

Write an essay
What are fallacies and how can we avoid them(Provide atleast 3 examples of fallacies)

Answer 1

What are fallacies and how can we avoid them (Provide atleast 3 examples of fallacies).

Fallacies are the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or "wrong moves" in the construction of an argument. A fallacious argument may be deceptive by appearing to be better than it really is. Some fallacies are committed intentionally to manipulate or persuade by deception, while others are committed unintentionally due to carelessness or ignorance.

Following are few types of fallacies with EXAMPLES:

(1)Hasty Generalization: A hasty generalization is a fallacy in which a conclusion that is reached is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence. Example: if my brother likes to eat a lot of pizza and French fries, and he is healthy, I can say that pizza and French fries are healthy and don't really make a person fat.

(2)Appeal to Ignorance: This fallacy occurs when you argue that your conclusion must be true, because there is no evidence against it.

Example: Someone says that there's life in the universe because it hasn't been proven to not exist outside of our solar system or that UFOs have visited Earth.

(3)False Dilemma: A false dilemma (or sometimes called false dichotomy) is a type of informal fallacy, more specifically one of the correlative-based fallacies, in which a statement falsely claims an "either/or" situation, when in fact there is at least one additional logically valid option.

Example: Statement “you're either with us or against us”, which ignores the fact that the available options aren't mutually exclusive, since it's possible to have mixed feelings toward someone, as well as the possibility that a third option is true.

We can avoid fallacies by folowing approaches:

(1)Ensure that evidence is reasonable.

(2)Your argument must be logical.

(3)You mut be aware about kinds of fallacies so that you may avoid them during speaking and writing.

(4)Don't Jump To Conclusions if you are not sure.

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