Question

Design a distribution system

simply explain with figure how electricity is transferred from Generating point to homes.

Answer 1

Power Production & Distribution :

1.Electricity is generated from large generating stations like Steam (Coal) , hydroelectric, nuclear power plants. Also through Wind, Solar, Geo thermal power plants etc.

2. The same generated power can't be directly utilized since they are at long distance from consumers at remote locations.

3. To decrease losses, the power generated is stepped up to higher voltages like 220KV,465KV ,765KV etc.

4. The main principle of stepping up voltage is decreasing size of conductors (Wire size) and line losses. More current increases losses hence by stepping current is reduced.

5. Then the power reaches various substations where the voltage is lowered. Substations are ranging from 11KV,33KV,110KV,220KV,465KV,765KV and even 1000KV +HT substations. Usually 200KV + Substations will employed after generating stations. There will be many substations before reaching domestic and industrial consumers.

6. Industrial consumers uses power in range of 415V, 6.6KV to 110KV system.

7. Through Transmission and distribution lines and various substations having power quality equipment and transformer. Power reaches to various feeders for house supplies.

8. This supply is fed to each homes through proper tappings. From then to residential wiring system

Transformers used in distributions are called distribution transformer since they increase current levels and decrease voltage.

9. The entire system is called power grid. Power grids are locations where transient stability and power quality parameters are achieved .

Nowadays Microgrids are in practice to localize , these grids control power system parameters and also efficient in maintaining demand-supply model.