Question

Which one of the following statements is true about the anticipated effects of climate change on the availability of clean drinking water globally?

Group of answer choices

There is likely to be a decrease in fresh water availability as ocean water rises, further stressing safe water availability.

There is unlikely to be any change in the quantity of potable water but people will be more concentrated in the areas with fresh water so access will improve.

There is likely to be an increase in fresh water availability because desalination is possible and becoming more affordable.

No answer text provided.

Which one of the following is the primary means of controlling diarrhea in developing nations?

Group of answer choices

Use of latrines

Handwashing

Antibiotic treatment

Oral rehydration fluids

For which of the following conditions is drug resistance currently a concern?

Group of answer choices

Hookworm

Malaria

Influenza

Asthma

Which one of the following statements is true about outer-ring developments (slums)?

Group of answer choices

They typically represent an improvement over living conditions experienced in rural areas, including adequate shelter and sanitation.

They typically have few of the social services available in the urban center but share in the negative aspects of city life like crime and pollution.

They typically provide family planning and educational services for women and children and offer protection from eviction but families still live in poverty.

No answer text provided.

Which one of the following practices is contributing to the limited availability of potable drinking water globally?

Group of answer choices

Irregation of crops and the use of drinking water for livestock production

Water use for mining and other industrial practices

Poor water management including overuse ins some countries and poor water systems in others

All of the above

Answer 1

Which one of the following statements is true about the anticipated effects of climate change on the availability of clean drinking water globally?

There is likely to be a decrease in fresh water availability as ocean water rises, further stressing safe water availability. :

• fresh water scarcity begins by considering the distribution of water on the planet. Approximately 98% of our water is salty and only 2% is fresh. Of that 2%, almost 70% is snow and ice, 30% is groundwater, less than 0.5% is surface water (lakes, rivers, etc) and less than 0.05% is in the atmosphere. Climate change has several effects on these proportions on a global scale.

There is unlikely to be any change in the quantity of potable water but people will be more concentrated in the areas with fresh water so access will improve.

• Potable water is that water which is considered safe to drink and its source is surface water and ground water. Surface water is found in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Groundwater lies under the surface of the land, where it travels through and fills openings in the rocks. Both these sources are again linked with the ocean and other sources which further require desalination even before becoming potable.

There is likely to be an increase in fresh water availability because desalination is possible and becoming more affordable.

• most common solution to increase in fresh water is desalination however it is expensive because it requires a great deal of electricity to push water through a filter. It's also costly to treat the water to kill microbes and to replace the filters.

No answer text provided

Which one of the following is the primary means of controlling diarrhea in developing nations?

Use of latrines

• surface water in less developed countries is often contaminated with pathogens (including bacteria, viruses, and parasites) due to contact with human and livestock waste. Drinking, handling, cooking, and bathing in such microbiologically unsafe water exposes people, and especially young children, to a wide range of health risks including diarrheal diseases

Hand washing

• This is the second means of controlling diarrhea. Hand washing with soap can reduce disease risk

Antibiotic treatment

• This is something which comes into picture after the individual is being affected and thus helps in treating people who are suffering.

Oral rehydration fluids

• Diarrhoea should be treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS), a solution of clean water, sugar and salt.

For which of the following conditions is drug resistance currently a concern?

Hookworm

• Number of drugs are currently used to treat hookworms, prolonged use of the drugs could lead to drug resistant worms which is not major concern for now.

Malaria

• Resistance to currently available antimalarial drugs has been confirmed in only two of the four human malaria parasite species, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax.

Influenza

• Emergence of antiviral drug resistance in influenza virus is a major concern. Consequently, NAIs are the only class of anti-influenza drugs currently in use as most of the circulating influenza viruses have acquired resistance to M2 ion channel inhibitors. Nevertheless, many circulating influenza viruses have also acquired the resistance to NAIs(Neuraminidase inhibitors)

Asthma

• Azithromycin may increase antibiotic resistance in severe asthma

Which one of the following statements is true about outer-ring developments (slums)?

They typically represent an improvement over living conditions experienced in rural areas, including adequate shelter and sanitation.

They typically have few of the social services available in the urban center but share in the negative aspects of city life like crime and pollution.

• In the majority of cases, slum dwellers exist outside of the law where they live and work. They are not able to access most of the formal institutions of society, and lacking a legal address they are often unable to access social services such as subsidized health care or education, which are largely used by the more affluent

They typically provide family planning and educational services for women and children and offer protection from eviction but families still live in poverty.

No answer text provided.

Which one of the following practices is contributing to the limited availability of potable drinking water globally?

Irrigation of crops and the use of drinking water for livestock production

• Inputs of water to the feed system include rainfall or irrigation, depending on the climate and production system. Outputs include percolation to groundwater, surface run-off, evaporation, transpiration and removal of water in biomass

Water use for mining and other industrial practices

• Inadequate management of urban, industrial, and agricultural wastewater means the drinking-water of hundreds of millions of people is dangerously contaminated or chemically polluted.

Poor water management including overuse in some countries and poor water systems in others

• leads to more water being unsafe to drink, nutrient pollution-algal growth caused by excessive nutrients in groundwater is rendering more water being unsafe to drink to high levels of nitrate.

All of the above

Note: Answers are the ones which are in bold and the rest of the information following them is a brief note of the same.