Question

1. Giving examples from Zambia and South Africa, briefly explain the four features of Comparative Public Administration.
2. Briefly discuss the concept of administrative system taking into consideration three historical factors that affect its effectiveness in a developing country like Zambia.
3. Briefly explain two factors as to why bureaucratic administrative systems are considered weak in Developing Countries as compared to Developed Countries.

Answer 1

1. Briefly explaining the four features of comparative public administration :-

comparative public administration focuses on the administrative structure.

it keeps its main attention towards the structure of the administration.

comparative public administration deals with teaching , research , formulation of public policy. effectively.

comparative public administration states the following 4 features :-

1 . companies should be viewed as specific cultures and political environment

Taking into consideration the culture of the country , the organisations should have a separate culture and allow it to function as per their culture and political environment. Organisations will have their own politics and it should run according to its own political environment .

2 the study and practice are value loaded

The study and practices which are performed in the administration contains values and these are completely value added.

3 guidelines of public administration are seriously inadequate.

The guidelines issued by the public administration are inadequate due to the lack of good policies in the administration

4 it must contains complementary , pure and applied aspects.

The comparative public administration should contain pure and applied ethics including complementary.

Example from Zambia and south Africa :-

The public administration of Zambia has three phases they are

a. British south African company period

b. colonial rule.

c. post independence period.

The Zambia public administration needs several reforms because of the legitimacy.. This example is briefly explained in the next question number 2.   

The public administration of south Africa deals with the integrated systems , delivery mechanism and , HR, institution development and Governance initiatives to the citizens of the country .

2. Briefly discussing the concept of administrative system taking into consideration three historical factors that effects its effectiveness in a developing country like Zambia.

The historical administrative system of Zambia is in three stages

a. The first stage is called as the British south African company BSAC :- this is during the period of 1892 to 1923 under this period , Zambia was a part of British central Africa and it was controlled and administered by British central African company .

b. is the second stage called colonial rule , in this stage Zambia is called as Northern Rhodesia ,in the year 1929 Northern Rhodesia was divided into several districts for the purpose of collecting taxes with each district commissioner  

c. this is the third stage this stage is in the force from the post independence 1963 this prevails even today ,in this stage the Zambian public administrative consist of national,provincial ,district and sub district ,each level consist of different leaders and public representatives and officers .

each provincial administration is headed by the politically appointed representative .

The administrative system of Zambia is much better in this stage than first two stages in previously it was under the exploitation .

now Zambia is under the list of developing countries only because of this third stage of administration .

The various developing programs takes place for the development of people of Zambia,

This development activities are coordinated by national Development coordinating committee.

This popularly called as NDCC .

3. Two factors as to why bureaucratic administrative systems are considered weak in developing countries as compared to developed countries.

let us take a example of United states of America (USA) . USA is well known for the bureaucracy in USA all the civil servants are allowed to participate in the implementation of government policies .This includes various levels .

While in Zambia which is developing country the civil servants are not allowed to participant in the implementation of government policies this is due to the interference by politicians and the ruling parties .

In USA there will be federal administrative system which gives same power to central government and sub national government.

The concern of both the government are required to make amendments  in the constitution .The powers cannot be unilaterally changed by the central government.

While in Zambia the decisions made by the president and the central government will be forwarded to all the provinces . the states will not have power to reject the decisions made.

This is the difference between the Developed country USA and developing country Zambia.

Due to these differences the USA is well developed while the Zambia is still developing .

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