Question
In: Biology
In a dialyse machine there are two liquids separated by a permeable membrane. The idea of...
In
a dialyse machine there are two liquids separated by a permeable
membrane. The idea of a dialysis machine is to get rid of certain
substances in the blood which will be toxic if they get too
concentrated.
1) what is one such substance?
2) describe how you would make up the composition of dialysis
fluid to make sure that this potentially toxic substance is got rid
of
The blood contains dissolved substances that you want to
keep.
3) Give one example of such a substance
4) how you would make up the composition of dialysis
fluid to make sure that the person having dialysis doesn’t loose
this substance?
5) explain the principle (concept or idea) which results
in blood not losing this substance
Solutions
Expert Solution
ANSWER
1)
One such substance would toxins such as Lithium,
which should have been removed by a well-functioning kidney, but
requires dialysis on the absence of one.
ANSWER
2)
We can make up the make up the composition of dialysis
fluid to exactly resemble every other component of blood except
this toxin, the concentration of this toxin in the dialysis fluid
should be zero. This will ensure that this potentially
toxic substance is got rid of.
ANSWER
3)
One such substance that would be dissolved in blood and should not
be lost in dialysis is dissolved oxygen because it is
essential for many activities.
ANSWER
4)
We can make up the make up the composition of dialysis
fluid to have the exact same concentration of the dissolved
substance that we want to keep as is its concentration in
blood. This will ensure that this dissolved substance of
need will not be able to diffuse through from the blood to the
dialysis fluid.
ANSWER
5)
The principle (concept or idea) which results in blood
no losing this substance is called isotonicity. Since the
concentration of this item is the same on both sides, there exists
no concentration gradient (driven by Brownian motion) to cause any
transfer of material from the side with higher concentration to the
side with lower concentration.
Thus making the dialysis fluid have the same concentration of the
substance as blood, causes there to be no concentration gradient
which is the driving force for diffusion.
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