Question

Male reproductive disorders

1. What is testicular cancer and how is it a homeostatic imbalance on the system? What is the causing issue?

2. What is prostate cancer and how is it a homeostatic imbalance on the system? What is the causing issue?

Female reproductive disorders

3. What is Endometriosis and how does it have a homeostatic imbalance on the system? What is the causing issue?

4. What is ovarian cancer and how does it have a homeostatic imbalance on the system? What is the causing issue?

Gestational and Congenital disorder

5. What is spina bifida and how does it have a homeostatic imbalance of the system? What is the causing issue?

6. What is a Ectopic pregnancy and how does it have a homeostatic imbalance on the system? What is the causing issue?

Answer 1

Homeostasis:

The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic constancy ; For example, the ability to maintain a stable temperature .

Male reproductive disorder:

1. Testicular cancer

Testicular Cancer is the cancer of testicles. Testicles are the male sex and endocrine gland, that produces sperm and male sex hormones , including the steroid and testosterone.

It is a Homeostatic imbalance in the system as the testicular cancer produces changes in the testes or a lump or enlargement, resulting in pain, discomfort , sometimes leads to the fluid collection in the testes . These may complicated to infection , lower back pain , Deep vein Thrombosis ( DVT ) . blood clots in the artery to lungs may cause pulmonary embolism and resultant dyspnoea. These conditions disrupt the body's internal balance .

Causes:

Family history

Undescended testicles

Inguinal hernia

Hypospadiasis

HIV AIDS

2. Prostate cancer

A cancer that occurs in men's prostate gland is called prostate cancer. Prostate gland is a gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen and controls the release of urine from the bladder.

It causes imbalance in homeostasis by producing the symptoms painful urination or frequent urination, difficulty in starting or stopping the micturition , erectile dysfunction , Hematuria. It may complicated to metastasis of cancer to neighbouring organs and incontinence.

Causes: Abnormal growth of cells in the prostate, ( leads to enlargement of prostate, that blocks the urination)advanced age, family history and obesity.

Female reproductive disorder

3. Endometriosis:

A condition characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus is called Endometriosis.  

Endometriosis causes imbalance in the homeostasis of the body as it causes severe pelvic pain, painful periods , urination and sexual intercourse. It may leads to infertility and excessive bleeding.

Causes: Endometrial lining spreads, that become hardened and bleeds. This spreading causes irritation and scarring to the neighbouring tissue. This disease may occur due to retrograde menstruation or back flow of menstrual blood to fallopian tubes, surgical scars, immune system disorders.

4. Ovarian cancer :

A cancer of the ovaries is called Ovarian Cancer. Ovary is the female reproductive organ, often paired , that produces Ova and secretes the hormones oestrogen and progesterone .

Homeostasis imbalance can occur due to ovarian cancer as it produces pelvic pain , gastrointestinal problems ( bloating , indigestion), weight loss , fatigue , frequent urination etc.

This symptoms are due to the abnormal increase in the cells of ovary or the enlargement. Ovarian cancer may occur due to mutation of cells. Advanced age and family history may be the risk factors.

Gestational and Congenital disorders

5. Spina bifida

A birth defect resulting in a cleft in the spinal coloumn through which the spinal membranes and spinal cord may protrude .

spina bifida especially Myelomeningocele is a severe type of spina bifida, ( spinal column remains open and spinal nerves are involved)causes imbalance in the homeostasis of child's body as it leads to mobility orwalking problems, curved spine , abnormal growth of the child, hip dislocation and muscular contractures.

6. Ectopic pregnancy

A pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall, is called Ectopic pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancy causes an imbalance in the women's body as it disrupts the normal mode of pregnancy and fetus growth. it may complicated to tube rupture, heavy bleeding , fainting etc. When the fetus growth happens in any part of the female reproductive system other than uterus, it may cause pain and bleeding in the area. Gradually that part become enlarged and rupture happens.  

Ectopic pregnancy may occur due to any infection or inflammation in the reproductive system, fertility treatments, tubal surgeries. Family history and previous history are risk factors of Ectopic pregnancy.