Question

1. Within DNA and RNA, each nucleotide is made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a(n)

1. ATP molecule

2. amino group.

3. nitrogenous base.

4. fatty acid.

2. When two nucleotides bond together, the sugar in the first nucleotide forms a bond with the _____________ in the second.

1. The sugar is not part of the bond, the nitrogenous base and phosphate are.

2. nitrogenous base

3. sugar

4. phosphate

3. You are studying the structure of an unknown molecule. It is a polymer of nucleotides, single-stranded, and contains the sugar ribose. What is the molecule?

1. Based on the information given, the molecule could be either DNA or RN

2. ATP

3. DNA

4. RNA

4. Cells build proteins by reading the sequence of cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine along a DNA molecule. What part of these nucleotides differentiates them from each other?

1. The ribose

2. The phosphate group

3. The deoxyribose

4. The nitrogenous bases

5. You are looking at a 3D model of four different molecules. They have many of the same elements, but their functional groups are different. Based on this information, which could be part of a DNA molecule?

1. The molecule with a C=O group

2. The molecule with a –PO4 group

3. The molecule with a –CH3 group

4. The molecule with an –OH group

6. ATP is classified as a nucleotide. What structural similarity does it have with the other nucleotides that are part of DNA and RNA?

1. They all use thymine as a nitrogenous base.

2. They all have at least one phosphate group.

3. They all have the same ratio of sugar to phosphate to nitrogenous base.

4. They all have deoxyribose as a sugar group.

7. Which of these is NOT true regarding the relationship between ATP, ADP, and AMP?

1. ATP has the highest amount of energy available, AMP the lowest.

2. ATP has the most attached phosphate groups.

3. Once ATP is converted to ADP, it cannot be recycled back.

4. AMP is the smallest of the three molecules.

Answer 1

Question

Within DNA and RNA, each nucleotide is made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a(n)

Ans : Option 3

Nitrogenous base.

Reason : The DNA/RNA molecule is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. There are four nitrogenous bases in DNA, adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. RNA also has four nitrogenous base, replacing thymine with uracil.

Question

When two nucleotides bond together, the sugar in the first nucleotide forms a bond with the _____________ in the second.

Answer : Option 4

Phosphate

Reason : Nucleotides are bonded together by covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the third carbon atom of the pentose sugar in the next nucleotide. This produces an alternating backbone of sugar - phosphate - sugar - phosphate all along the polynucleotide chain.

Question

You are studying the structure of an unknown molecule. It is a polymer of nucleotides, single-stranded, and contains the sugar ribose. What is the molecule?

Answer : Option 4

RNA

Reason : Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer of nucleotides and a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides. It also differs from DNA in that it contains the sugar ribose, rather than deoxyribose. Also ATP has only a single nucleotide.

Question

Cells build proteins by reading the sequence of cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine along a DNA molecule. What part of these nucleotides differentiates them from each other?

Answer : Option 4

Nitrogenous bases

Reason : The sequence of nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule makes one DNA molecule different from another. This sequence determines what proteins can be formed.

Question

You are looking at a 3D model of four different molecules. They have many of the same elements, but their functional groups are different. Based on this information, which could be part of a DNA molecule?

Answer : Option 2

The molecule with a –PO4 group

Reason :  Repeating part of the DNA backbone is a phosphate group. A phosphate group is attached to the sugar molecule in place of the -OH group on the 5' carbon.

Question

ATP is classified as a nucleotide. What structural similarity does it have with the other nucleotides that are part of DNA and RNA?

Ans : Option 2

They all have at least one phosphate group.

Reason : ATP, DNA and RNA have phosphate group. DNA/RNA have single phosphate group while ATP has three phosphate group. ATP is made of adenine and three phosphates and a five carbon sugar ribose.

Question

Which of these is NOT true regarding the relationship between ATP, ADP, and AMP?

Ans : Option 3

Once ATP is converted to ADP, it cannot be recycled back.

Reason : Energy is released from ATP when the end phosphate is removed. Once ATP has released energy, it becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate), which is a low energy molecule. ADP can be recharged back into ATP by adding a phosphate. These molecules can be constantly recycled so that a constant stream of energy rich ATP is available for all metabolic pathways in the cell.