Question

The Internet is often described as an “Information Super-Highway”. Explain what is meant by this term and discuss how it can be used for a monitoring process. Use the example of a Tsunami alert system, while explaining the processes and components which it entails.           QUESTION THAT REQUIRE ANSWER IS: Without software hardware cannot operate. Using the example which is mentioned in above question, explain how the following system software may be useful. Your answer must also include the elements which are included within the brackets. Justify your answers. I. Operating system ( Type of OS and Type of Interface) II. Backup tool ( Type of Back-up and Back-up media) III. File handler (File operations)

Answer 1

Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to get admission to data over the internet. But, it can be described in lots of methods as follows:
Internet is a world-huge worldwide machine of interconnected laptop networks.
The Internet makes use of the standard net Protocol (TCP/IP).
Every pc on the internet is identified through a unique IP deal with.
IP cope with is a unique set of numbers (together with 110.22.33.114) which identifies a laptop area.
A unique computer DNS (domain call Server) is used to give a call to the IP deal with so that consumer can locate a laptop utilizing a name.
For instance, a DNS server will clear up an internet site domain to a selected IP address to actually uniquely identify the pc on which this internet site is hosted.
Internet is available to every user globally.

1) Operating system refers to the collection of softwares that manages hardware resources of a computer and provides collective services to the user. Different types of Computer Operating Systems refer to the collection of various softwares. Every computer possesses an operating system to run other programs present in it.

An operating system is a software which acts as an interface between the end user and computer hardware. Every computer must have at least one OS to run other programs. An application like Chrome, MS Word, Games, etc needs some environment in which it will run and perform its task

The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without having an operating system.

USER INTERFACES

A user interface (UI) refers to the part of an operating system, program, or device that allows a user to enter and receive information. A text-based user interface (see the image to the left) displays text, and its commands are usually typed on a command line using a keyboard. With a graphical user interface (see the right-hand image), the functions are carried out by clicking or moving buttons, icons and menus by means of a pointing device.

    

The images contain the same information: a directory listing of a computer. You can often carry out the same tasks regardless of which kind of UI you are using.

TEXT USER INTERFACE (TUI)

Modern graphical user interfaces have evolved from text-based UIs. Some operating systems can still be used with a text-based user interface. In this case, the commands are entered as text (e.g., “cat story.txt”).

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

In most operating systems, the primary user interface is graphical, i.e. instead of typing the commands you manipulate various graphical objects (such as icons) with a pointing device. The underlying principle of different graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is largely the same, so by knowing how to use a Windows UI, you will most likely know how to use Linux or some other GUI.

Most GUIs have the following basic components:

• a start menu with program groups
• a taskbar showing running programs
• a desktop
• various icons and shortcuts.

2) Backup

Backup refers to the copying of physical or virtual files or databases to a secondary location for preservation in case of equipment failure or catastrophe. The process of backing up data is pivotal to a successful disaster recovery plan (DRP).

Types of backup

Full backups :The most basic and complete type of backup operation is a full backup. As the name implies, this type of backup makes a copy of all data to another set of media, such as a disk or tape

Incremental backups : An incremental backup operation will result in copying only the data that has changed since the last backup operation of any type.

Differential backups : A differential backup operation is similar to an incremental the first time it is performed, in that it will copy all data changed from the previous backup.

3) Basics of File Handling in C

So far the operations using C program are done on a prompt / terminal which is not stored anywhere. But in the software industry, most of the programs are written to store the information fetched from the program. One such way is to store the fetched information in a file. Different operations that can be performed on a file are:

1. Creation of a new file (fopen with attributes as “a” or “a+” or “w” or “w++”)
2. Opening an existing file (fopen)
3. Reading from file (fscanf or fgetc)
4. Writing to a file (fprintf or fputs)
5. Moving to a specific location in a file (fseek, rewind)
6. Closing a file (fclose)

The text in the brackets denotes the functions used for performing those operations.