Question

Motherboards, Power Supplies, NICs, Modems, Switches, and Cabling (Twisted Pair, Coaxial, and Fiber Optic); Hard Drives, Dimms, DDRs, RIMMs, SCSI, IDE, PCI, RAM; VGA, SVGA, and XVGA video

TCP/IP, NetBIOS. please answers all in a short answer amd clear.

Answer 1

Motherboards: A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer. The motherboard is a computer’s central communications backbone connectivity point, through which all components and external peripherals connect.

Power Supplies: A power supply is a component that supplies power to at least one electric load. Typically, it converts one type of electrical power to another, but it may also convert a a different form of energy – such as solar, mechanical, or chemical - into electrical energy.
A power supply provides components with electric power. The term usually pertains to devices integrated within the component being powered. For example, computer power supplies convert AC current to DC current and are generally located at the rear of the computer case, along with at least one fan.
A power supply is also known as a power supply unit, power brick or power adapter.


NICs: Short for network interface card, the NIC is also referred to as an Ethernet card and network adapter. A NIC is a computer expansion card for connecting to a network (e.g., home network or Internet) using an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.
Due to the popularity and low cost of the Ethernet standard, nearly all new computers have a network interface build directly into the motherboard. The top image shows the SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI network card, one of the more common examples.
The bottom picture shows a PC Card. More specifically, the SMC EZ Card 10/100 wireless network card, which is found in laptop computers that do not have onboard wireless capabilities.

Modems: A modem is a very important piece of network hardware that allows a computer to send and receive data through a telephone line or cable connection. In simple words, it’s the device that connects a computer to the Internet.

Switches: A switch, in the context of networking is a high-speed device that receives incoming data packets and redirects them to their destination on a local area network (LAN). A LAN switch operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) or the network layer of the OSI Model and, as such it can support all types of packet protocols.
Essentially, switches are the traffic cops of a simple local area network.

Cabling (Twisted Pair, Coaxial, and Fiber Optic):

Hard Drives: A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated as hard drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-volatile memory hardware device that permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer. A hard drive is a secondary storage device that consists of one or more platters to which data is written using a magnetic head, all inside of an air-sealed casing. Internal hard disks reside in a drive bay, connect to the motherboard using an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable, and are powered by a connection to the PSU (power supply unit).

Dimms: Stands for "Dual In-Line Memory Module." It is a type of computer memory. A DIMM is a small circuit board that holds memory chips. It uses a 64-bit bus to the memory, whereas a single in-line memory module (SIMM) only has a 32-bit path. This allows DIMMs to transfer more data at once. Because DIMMs have faster data transfer capabilities than SIMMs, they have pretty much replaced SIMMs.

DDRs: Stands for "Double Data Rate." It is an advanced version of SDRAM, a type of computer memory. DDR-SDRAM, sometimes called "SDRAM II," can transfer data twice as fast as regular SDRAM chips. This is because DDR memory can send and receive signals twice per clock cycle. The efficient operation of DDR-SDRAM makes the memory great for notebook computers since it uses up less power.

RIMMs: RIMM is not an acronym and is a trademark of Rambus incorporated for the Direct RDRAM (Rambus or DRAM) modules. RIMM is computer memory that resembles DIMMs; however, it is 184-pin and is available with built-in ECC support and Non-ECC at speeds up to 800 MHz. RIMM modules are commonly used on the Intel Pentium 4 motherboards.
Unlike most other computer memory, computers that support RIMM require a continuous signal. If a memory socket is left empty, the computer will not work properly. Therefore, users must utilize C-RIMM modules in any slots that do not have RIMM modules

SCSI:
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI):
A small computer systems interface (SCSI) is a standard interface for connecting peripheral devices to a PC. Depending on the standard, generally it can connect up to 16 peripheral devices using a single bus including one host adapter. SCSI is used to increase performance, deliver faster data transfer transmission and provide larger expansion for devices such as CD-ROM drives, scanners, DVD drives and CD writers. SCSI is also frequently used with RAID, servers, high-performance PCs and storage area networks SCSI has a controller in charge of transferring data between the devices and the SCSI bus. It is either embedded on the motherboard or a host adapter is inserted into an expansion slot on the motherboard. The controller also contains SCSI basic input/output system, which is a small chip providing the required software to access and control devices. Each device on a parallel SCSI bus must be assigned a number between 0 and 7 on a narrow bus or 0 and 15 on a wider bus. This number is called an SCSI ID. Newer serial SCSI IDs such as serialattached SCSI (SAS) use an automatic process

IDE: IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is a standard electronic interface used between a computer motherboard's data paths or bus and the computer's disk storage devices. The IDE interface is based on the IBM PC Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) 16-bit bus standard, but it is also used in computers that use other bus standards. IDE was adopted as a standard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in November 1990.

PCI: Stands for "Peripheral Component Interconnect." PCI is a hardware bus used for adding internal components to a desktop computer. For example, a PCI card can be inserted into a PCI slot on a motherboard, providing additional I/O ports on the back of a computer.

RAM: Random access memory (RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers that is generally located on the motherboard. This type of memory is volatile and all information that was stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off. Volatile memory is temporary memory while ROM (read-only memory) is non-volatile and holds data permanently when the power is turned off.

VGA: Short for Video Graphics Adapter or Video Graphics Array, VGA is a popular display standard developed by IBM and introduced in 1987. VGA provides 640 x 480 resolution color display screens with a refresh rate of 60 Hz and 16 colors displayed at a time. If the resolution is lowered to 320 x 200, 256 colors are shown.
VGA utilizes analog signals, which means it is only capable of lower resolutions and lower quality display on screens.

SVGA, and XVGA video: 1. XGA is the official successor to XGA, while SVGA is the unofficial successor to VGA.
2. XGA is a subset of the SVGA umbrella.
3. XGA has 60% more pixels compared to SVGA.
4. XGA can present much finer images compared to SVGA.
5. In an identical sized display, there will be smaller images in XGA ,than SVGA.
6. XGA is the current standard resolution for web pages, while SVGA screens cannot display the entire width of a web page.

TCP/IP: TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (an intranet or an extranet).
The entire internet protocol suite -- a set of rules and procedures -- is commonly referred to as TCP/IP, though others are included in the suite.

NetBIOS: NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) is a program that allows applications on different computers to communicate within a local area network (LAN). It was created by IBM for its early PC Network, was adopted by Microsoft, and has since become a de facto industry standard. NetBIOS is used in Ethernet and Token Ring networks and, included as part of NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI), in recent Microsoft Windows operating systems. It does not in itself support a routing mechanism so applications communicating on a wide area network (WAN) must use another "transport mechanism" (such as Transmission Control Protocol) rather than or in addition to NetBIOS.