Question

The following table shows ceremonial ranking and type of pottery sherd for a random sample of 434 sherds at an archaeological location.

Ceremonial Ranking	Cooking Jar Sherds	Decorated Jar Sherds (Noncooking)	Row Total
A	85	50	135
B	95	50	145
C	74	80	154
Column Total	254	180	434

Use a chi-square test to determine if ceremonial ranking and pottery type are independent at the 0.05 level of significance.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are not independent.
H₁: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are not independent.

H₀: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are independent.
H₁: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are independent.    

H₀: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are independent.
H₁: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are not independent.

H₀: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are not independent.
H₁: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are independent.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places. Round the test statistic to three decimal places.)


Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes OR No    

What sampling distribution will you use?

Student's t

uniform    

chi-square

binomialnormal

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value > 0.100

0.050 < p-value < 0.100    

0.025 < p-value < 0.050

0.010 < p-value < 0.025

0.005 < p-value < 0.010

p-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis of independence?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that ceremonial ranking and pottery type are not independent.

At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that ceremonial ranking and pottery type are not independent.    

Answer 1

(a) What is the level of significance?

5%

State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are independent.
H₁: Ceremonial ranking and pottery type are not independent.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places. Round the test statistic to three decimal places.)

The following cross tabulation have been provided. The row and column total have been calculated and they are shown below:

	Column 1	Column 2	Total
Row 1	85	50	135
Row 2	95	50	145
Row 3	74	80	154
Total	254	180	434

Test Statistics

The Chi-Squared statistic is computed as follows:

Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes

What sampling distribution will you use?

chi-square

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

P-value =0.00414

p-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis of independence?

    

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that ceremonial ranking and pottery type are not independent.

Please let me know in comments in case anything is unclear. Will reply ASAP. Do upvote if satisfied!