Question

how has the corretional system evolved over the last 100 yers and how has technology faciliated or hindered that evolution?

et least 350 words

in the unated states

Answer 1

Sol.

The term corrections usually refer to any action applied to offenders after they have been convicted and implies that the action is corrective or meant to change offenders according to society's needs. Corrections also include actions applied to people who have been accused but not yet convicted of criminal offenses. Such people are often under supervision, waiting for action on their cases, sitting in jail. undergoing drug or alcohol treatment, or living in the community on bail.

Role of technology in facilitating the evaluation of the correctional system in the United States of America.

1. Electronic Controls: The most important penal innovation of the 1980s was electronic monitoring. It represents high tech corrections, and it costs less than prison. Since its initial application in the early 1980s, electronics monitoring has become a major industry. Today thousands of offenders are monitored each day. The technology is becoming particularly favored for use with sex offenders under community supervision. The electronic age has made possible a quantum leap in surveillance technology. For example, the technology now exists for visual monitoring via telephone lines. Therefore, video screens could be used to ensure that the offender is actually at home during the phone call. The probation officer could simply call the offender on the phone and then conduct a face-to-face interview without ever leaving the office.

2. Human Surveillance: The technological advances in electronics and drugs are more systematic than mere human interaction has been. However, unlike these other techniques, personal contact allows the correctional worker to process an array of subtle information body language, attitudes, odors, and so forth. When it comes to surveillance, no approach can fully supplant the basic strategy of increasing the offender's contact with the experienced correctional worker.

3. Global Positioning Systems (GPSs.) The weakness of the traditional system was the fact that once the offender has left the property, his or her whereabouts are undetermined all the is known is that the offender is not home. This means that the offender is monitored when under curfew but at other times is free to be anywhere even places that are prohibited. The GPS system solves this issue that requires the offender to carry a bag or box at all times. The bag transmits a signal to the satellite system developed by the U.S. military for surveillance purposes, which routes the information back to central control.

The Limits of Control Technology: The most direct limit on this trend is technical; All technologies have the capacity to fail, and determined offenders often can figure out a way to defeat even the most ingenious technical apparatus. The growing number of crimes committed by people who are being monitored electronically attests to this fact, as do studies that question whether people under electronic monitoring commit fewer crimes.

Technologies also are limitations in terms of capacity. Even though computers allow marvelous things to be done these days anyone who works with them will have experienced the bugs and malfunctions that can develop in these systems. Big giants like IBM or AT&T can afford to spend large sums of money to upgrade information capability, but corrections systems need reliable computers that do not require extensive management. Thus the correctional version of an information system is usually not state of the art. Advances in surveillance and control technologies require sophisticated technical support, which corrections often lack.