Question

discuss about using different microscope and applying different staining for observation of animal and plant cells

Answer 1

An instrument which forms a magnified image of a small object placed closed to the eye is called microscope. There are various type of microscopes are used in various parpous and examinations , they are some types discussed in here

1) simple microscope =

It consists of a single convex lens of short focal length suitably mounted in holder.

It uses for magnification .it is also used by the psalmist to examine the palm lines.A magnifier is used by a philatelist to examine the printing details on a stamp etc.

2) compound microscope =

If the object is very small the simple microscope cannot magnify it sufficiently therefore for getting better results this microscope is used.

It consists of a strand , a stage to hold the specimen, a moveable body tube. It is known as compound microscope because there are two sets of lens, i.e. eyepiece and objective.

Use -

It is used for both qualitative and quantitative studies. It is used for histology, anatomy, pathology for the study. A polarisation microscope is used to study the shape regularity of internal construction and refractive index in cell and tissues.

3) Phase contrast microscope =

It is a important instrument for studying living unsustaind and transparent objects and is widely used in biological and medical research. According to a principle, light waves have variable characteristics for frequency and amplitude.

Use -

The process of mitosis and meiosis and the duration of cell division can be accurately studied in living cell. Permeability, phagoytosis and pinocytosis activity of all cell membrane can be studied directly. The behaviour of living protozoa towards physical and chemical factors etc.

4) Interference microscope =

This is closely allied and improved phase contrast microscope. In this the direct light wave and the diffracted light wave are completely separated while passing through the phase plate . this improvement increases the utility of the Interference microscope considerably for visualization of measuring difference in phase or optical path in transparant or reflecting specimens.

Use-

It may used to obtain information about the concentration of substance in the cell. It may be used for determining the dry weight of cell etc.

5) scanning electron microscope (SEM) =

SEM generates image by scanning the specimen with a beam of electron . It combines the mechanism of electron microscopy and television. A SEM is very useful in obtaining images of the surface of the thick specimen. This method of examining is also called surface scanning electron microscope. It consists of four columns i.e. column, display unit , scan unit , director unit.  

Use :

Study of surface of the cell and hard materials ( cartilage, bone).

6) Transmission electron microscope (TEM)=

IN Which electron are allowed to be transmitted through the objects are known as TEM .