In: Accounting
During Heaton Company’s first two years of operations, it reported absorption costing net operating income as follows:
Year 1 | Year 2 | ||||
Sales (@ $61 per unit) | $ | 976,000 | $ | 1,586,000 | |
Cost of goods sold (@ $38 per unit) | 608,000 | 988,000 | |||
Gross margin | 368,000 | 598,000 | |||
Selling and administrative expenses* | 297,000 | 327,000 | |||
Net operating income | $ | 71,000 | $ | 271,000 | |
* $3 per unit variable; $249,000 fixed each year.
The company’s $38 unit product cost is computed as follows:
Direct materials | $ | 8 |
Direct labor | 12 | |
Variable manufacturing overhead | 2 | |
Fixed manufacturing overhead ($336,000 ÷ 21,000 units) | 16 | |
Absorption costing unit product cost | $ | 38 |
Forty percent of fixed manufacturing overhead consists of wages and salaries; the remainder consists of depreciation charges on production equipment and buildings.
Production and cost data for the first two years of operations are:
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Units produced | 21,000 | 21,000 |
Units sold | 16,000 | 26,000 |
Required:
1. Using variable costing, what is the unit product cost for both years?
2. What is the variable costing net operating income in Year 1 and in Year 2?
3. Reconcile the absorption costing and the variable costing net operating income figures for each year.
SOLUTION
1.
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Direct materials | 8 | 8 |
Direct labor | 12 | 12 |
Variable manufacturing overhead | 2 | 2 |
Unit product cost | 22 | 22 |
2.
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Sales | 976,000 | 1,586,000 |
Variable expenses: | ||
Variable cost of goods sold @ $22 per unit | 352,000 | 572,000 |
Variable selling and administrative expenses @ $3 per unit | 48,000 | 78,000 |
Total Variable expenses | 400,000 | 650,000 |
Contribution margin | 576,000 | 936,000 |
Fixed expenses: | ||
Fixed manufacturing overhead | 336,000 | 336,000 |
Fixed selling and administrative expenses | 249,000 | 249,000 |
Total Fixed expenses | 585,000 | 585,000 |
Net Operating income / (loss) | (9,000) | 351,000 |
3.
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Variable costing Net Operating income / (loss) | (9,000) | 351,000 |
Add/(deduct): Fixed manufacturing overhead deferred in(released) from inventory under absorption costing (5,000*16) | 80,000 | (80,000) |
Absorption costing Net Operating income | 71,000 | 271,000 |