Question

In: Accounting

During Heaton Company’s first two years of operations, it reported absorption costing net operating income as...

During Heaton Company’s first two years of operations, it reported absorption costing net operating income as follows:

Year 1 Year 2
Sales (@ $61 per unit) $ 976,000 $ 1,586,000
Cost of goods sold (@ $38 per unit) 608,000 988,000
Gross margin 368,000 598,000
Selling and administrative expenses* 297,000 327,000
Net operating income $ 71,000 $ 271,000

* $3 per unit variable; $249,000 fixed each year.

The company’s $38 unit product cost is computed as follows:

Direct materials $ 8
Direct labor 12
Variable manufacturing overhead 2
Fixed manufacturing overhead ($336,000 ÷ 21,000 units) 16
Absorption costing unit product cost $ 38

Forty percent of fixed manufacturing overhead consists of wages and salaries; the remainder consists of depreciation charges on production equipment and buildings.

Production and cost data for the first two years of operations are:

Year 1 Year 2
Units produced 21,000 21,000
Units sold 16,000 26,000

Required:

1. Using variable costing, what is the unit product cost for both years?

2. What is the variable costing net operating income in Year 1 and in Year 2?

3. Reconcile the absorption costing and the variable costing net operating income figures for each year.

Solutions

Expert Solution

SOLUTION

1.

Year 1 Year 2
Direct materials 8 8
Direct labor 12 12
Variable manufacturing overhead 2 2
Unit product cost 22 22

2.

Year 1 Year 2
Sales 976,000 1,586,000
Variable expenses:
Variable cost of goods sold @ $22 per unit 352,000 572,000
Variable selling and administrative expenses @ $3 per unit 48,000 78,000
Total Variable expenses 400,000 650,000
Contribution margin 576,000 936,000
Fixed expenses:
Fixed manufacturing overhead 336,000 336,000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses 249,000 249,000
Total Fixed expenses 585,000 585,000
Net Operating income / (loss) (9,000) 351,000

3.

Year 1 Year 2
Variable costing Net Operating income / (loss) (9,000) 351,000
Add/(deduct): Fixed manufacturing overhead deferred in(released) from inventory under absorption costing (5,000*16) 80,000 (80,000)
Absorption costing Net Operating income 71,000 271,000

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