Question

Examine and choose two specific types of intellectual and developmental disabilities or autism spectrum disorders. Develop a case study that you will create pertaining to either a child or adolescent.

USE COMMUNICATION AND AUTISM

Discuss two diagnostic considerations associated with stages of human development. Identify the specific diagnostic code for the disorder, and describe the etiology of the diagnosis for the case study.

Answer 1

An intellectual disability is characterised by an IQ below 70 , & have significant difficulty with daily living such as self-care, safety, communication, and socialisation  People with an intellectual disability may process infor mation Fragile mation more slowly than others, have difficulty communicating and managing daily living skills, and also have difficulty with abstract concepts such as money and time. .The disabilities that appear before the age of 22 and are likely to be said for lifelong.Some developmental disabilities are largely physical issues, as cerebral palsy or epilepsy. ... Intellectual disability encompasses the “cognitive” part of this definition, that is, a disability that is broadly related to thought processes.

These disabilities include intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, Down syndrome, language and learning disorders, cerebral palsy, vision impair- ment, & hearing loss. Developmental disabilities occur in people of all racial, ethnic, educational, &socioeconomic backgrounds.

:Mild, Moderate, Severe Intellectual Disability Differences.Researchers divide the types of cognitive impairment into four categories: mild intellectual disability, moderate intellectual disability, severe intellectual disability, and profound intellectual disability.

Types of intellectual disabilities:

FragileX syndrome (FXS) FXS is the most common known cause of an inherited intellectual disability worldwide

Down syndrome.

Developmental delay.

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

Human development is a process that continues throughout our lives. from infancy to late adulthood with all the stages in between.

The following are the stages of development:

Infancy: This period extends from birth to 18 months of age.

Early childhood: This stage ranges from 18 months to 3 years.

Middle childhood: This stage extends from 3-5 years.

Late childhood

Adolescence

Early adulthood

Mature adulthood

Old Age

DIAGNOSTIC CODES :Diagnostic coding is the translation of written descriptions of diseases, illnesses & injuries into codes from a particular classification. In medical classification, diagnosis codes are used as part of the clinical coding process alongside intervention codes..

The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) is a system used by physicians and other healthcare providers to classify and code all diagnoses, symptoms and procedures recorded in conjunction with hospital care in the United States

The with diagnoses for intellectual disabilities, pervasive developmental disorders, Down's syndrome, autosomal deletion syndromes, Prader-Willi syndrome, other specified congenital anomalies, or FASD using: ICD-9-CM codes: 317, 318, 319, 299, 758.0, 758.3, 759.81, 759.89, 760.71;

COMMUNICATION & AUSTIM :Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects a person's ability to communicate, interact & behave in different manner with others in social situations. , According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1:70 children in US are the victims of Austims.Autism is characterized by impairments in social skills, communication, & restricted and repetitive behavior such as hand flapping and an insistence on sameness. Many children also have unusual sensory responses,

SYMPTOMS OF AUSTISM : It is noted that ,No two people with autism are alike, but many parents notice signs of the disorder when their child does not meet certain developmental milestones, this is seen in the age group between 18 months and 3. Mild forms of the disorder may not become apparent until the child is older, & some patients are not diagnosed until adulthood., and starts having specific types of challenges that highlight some of the social and communication problems that they have.

DIAGONOSIS OF AUTISM :When diagnosing autism, specialists rely on both direct observational information & parent report data about the child's behavior, who encouraged parents to keep a detailed developmental records of their children's growth.

"For older children, some specialists seek input from the child's school, peers — how they interact in the settings outside their home, What they're trying to do is compile & put together these different sources of information and integrate them to figure out if this a child with autism does this child have a general developmental delay that is not specific to autism?

A thorough check ups by specialist may also diagnose additional disorders that often accompany autism, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability, epilepsy and depression.

Paitents with certain genetic disorders, such as fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex and Angelman syndrome, also tend to have autism.