Question

Society: How do members within the groups behave? How do they interact with each other? How do the members in minority groups engage with members from the majority?

Answer 1

• Group members do things to and with each other.Regardless of the group setting, group membership generally implies some form of social interaction among the members. Groups are the basic building blocks of society, understanding groups, then, is the key to understanding ourselves, other people, and society.
• A functional perspective assumes that the profound tendency for human to gather in groups reflects the usefulness of groups to their members. Individuals in groups can secure advantages and avoid disadvantages that would plague the lone individual .
• Belonging Groups meet the human need to be included in an interpersonal network. They promote contact between people, regulate relations with others,and increase the quality and duration of social interaction. They provide members with a sense inclusion and security.
• Intimacy Groups, and cohesive groups in particular,provide opportunity for warm, supportive, lovingrelationships with others.
• Support Groups help members cope with minor and major life crises by providing them with emotional and tangible resources. Group members compliment and encourage one another, provides mutual assistance, and share needed resources.
• Influence Groups are often the arena for the exercise and applications of social power and influence.Groups offer individuals the means to influence greater numbers of individuals.
• Personal likes and dislikes do not always translate into group conflict, but people often mention their dissatisfaction for another group member when they air their complaints about their groups.
• Procedural Conflicts occur when strategies, policies, and methods clash. The leader of the group may become decisions and initiate actions without consulting the group; but the group may become irritated if denied an opportunity to participate in decision making.
• The concept of entitativity is an important one, both in relation to how we view our ingroups, and also in terms of our perceptions of and behavior toward our outgroups. For example, strong perceptions of ingroup entitativity can help people to retain their sense of collective self-esteem in the face of difficult circumstances.
• A group can only be a group to the extent that its members have something in common; at minimum, they are similar because they all belong to the group. If a collection of people are interested in the same things, share the same opinions and beliefs, or work together on the same task, then it seems they should be considered—by both themselves and others—to be a group.
• However, if there are a lot of differences among the individuals, particularly in their goals, values, beliefs, and behaviors, then they are less likely to be seen as a group.
• The relevant social norms for groups include customs, traditions, standards, and rules, as well as the general values of the group. Particularly important here are injunctive norms, which specify how group members are expected to behave.
• Some of these are prescriptive norms, which tell the group members what to do, whereas some are proscriptive norms, which tell them what not to do. In general, the more clearly defined and the widely agreed upon the norms in a group are, the more entitativity that the group members will feel.
• Different roles often come with different levels of status, or perceived power, and these hierarchies. In general, groups are more effective when the roles assigned to each member are clearly defined and appropriate to those individuals’ skills and goals. Also, if members have more than one role, for example, player and coach, it is important that these roles are compatible rather than contradictory.
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